ArticleJAMA network open2024
Trends in Postpartum Depression by Race, Ethnicity, and Prepregnancy Body Mass Index.
Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors for postpartum depression after cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the association between prenatal inflammation and postpartum depression in a large, prospective pregnancy cohort in New York City.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Community Navigation: Iterative Development and Implementation of a Prenatal Psychosocial System of Care.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Brexanolone, a First-In-Class Neurosteroid Medication: Mechanism of Action, Clinical, and Translational Science.Clinical and translational science · 2026Review
- Bidirectional associations between maternal and paternal depressive symptoms across the postpartum period: Contributions of maternal prenatal depression and childhood neglect.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- Advances in Perinatal Depression: A Focus on Screening and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence, and postpartum depressive symptoms in a pregnancy cohort in Central Vietnam.SSM. Mental health · 2026Article
- Review
- Factors associated with postpartum depression symptoms following antepartum hospitalization.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Examining the Effectiveness of Mothers and Babies Online Delivered in Home Visiting: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Research square · 2026Article
- Postpartum Depression and the Emerging Mother-Infant Relationship: Associations With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Medication Use.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Perinatal Care Access and Utilization among Black Multiparous Women in the United States: A Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Postpartum behavioral health screening and engagement among a predominantly Hispanic, Spanish-speaking underserved population.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Association of depressive and/or pregnancy-related anxiety symptoms in pregnancy with maternal and neonatal biologic aging.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Experiences of NICU healthcare workers serving a high-risk population in a border community in Hidalgo County, Texas.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Influence of Neuraxial Anesthesia Technique During Vaginal and Cesarean Delivery and Association with Postpartum Depression: A Narrative Review of Literature.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- A Critical Review of Post-Childbirth Pain Experiences and Management in Relation to Postpartum Depression Risk for Racial and Ethnic Minorities.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Machine learning-optimized perinatal depression screening: Maximum impact, minimal burden.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of Maternal Depression and Sensitivity on Infant Emotion Regulation: The Role of Context.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Postpartum depression (PPD) poses significant risks to maternal and child health. Understanding temporal trends is crucial for evaluating prevalence and identifying populations at risk. Objective: To evaluate recent trends in PPD and assess how these trends are associated with race, ethnicity, and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Design, Setting, and Participants: A serial, cross-sectional analysis using data from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) electronic health records (EHRs), with live and stillbirths at 20 or more weeks of gestation who were KPSC members at the time of delivery between 2010 and 2021. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to August 2023. Exposures: Self-reported race, ethnicity, and recorded prepregnancy BMI. Main outcome measures: PPD cases were identified using validated diagnostic codes and prescription records within 12 months postpartum in the KPSC EHRs. Patients with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 10 or more within 6 months postpartum were further evaluated by a mental health specialist for formal PPD diagnosis. Results: In this study of 442 308 pregnancies, the median (IQR) maternal age at delivery was 31 (27-34) years. The cohort was racially and ethnically diverse, with 62 860 individuals (14.2%) identifying as Asian/Pacific Islander, 231 837 (52.4%) as Hispanic, 33 207 (7.5%) as non-Hispanic Black, 108 201 (24.5%) as non-Hispanic White, 5903 (1.3%) as multiple or other, and 300 (0.1%) unknown. PPD prevalence doubled over the study period, increasing from 9.4% in 2010 to 19.0% in 2021. The largest increases were observed among Asian and Pacific Islander participants (280% increase) and non-Hispanic Black participants (140% increase). PPD rates increased across all BMI categories, particularly among individuals with obesity (class I) and morbid obesity (class II/III). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, PPD diagnosis increased significantly across all racial and ethnic groups and BMI categories over the past decade. While rising PPD may reflect improved screening and diagnosis practices, the persistently high rates highlight the need to develop and implement interventions to prevent the condition while expanding efforts to mitigate the impact of PPD on maternal and child health.
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