ArticleCureus2024
Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Diabetic Nephropathy Among the General Population in Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy, a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), plays a part in the critical healthcare burden globally, especially in Saudi Arabia, where the prevalence of diabetes cases is among the highest worldwide. This study aims to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (A-KAP) in relation to diabetic nephropathy among the general population in Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2024, involving 406 participants with a minimum age range of 18 years and older. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, disseminated through social media platforms, i.e., WhatsApp and Facebook, and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). The chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between demographic variables and A-KAP scores, with a p≤0.05. Results Of the participants, 53.7% were male, and the largest age group was 20-29 years old (46.8%). The results revealed significant associations between knowledge scores and gender (p=0.033), age (p=0.012), and BMI (p=0.002). Females and participants aged 40-49 years had higher knowledge scores. Furthermore, 58.4% of participants were unaware of their BMI, and those with higher BMI scores showed lower knowledge levels. Regarding attitudes, older participants (aged 40 and above) have demonstrated more positive attitudes toward diabetic nephropathy (p=0.02). Practices related to nephropathy screening were deficient, with 84.2% of participants having never been screened and 68.7% never checking their kidney function. A significant proportion of participants, specifically 71.2%, indicated a lack of regular engagement in physical exercise, highlighting a notable prevalence of physical inactivity. Conclusion This study reveals notable differences in awareness, perceptions, and behaviors related to diabetic nephropathy among the general population in Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia. Females, individuals aged 40-49 years, and participants with lower BMI exhibited higher knowledge scores, while health maintenance practices such as nephropathy screening and kidney function checks were predominantly inadequate. Public health initiatives ought to prioritize enhancing awareness, advocating for regular screening, and fostering physical activity to reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Future research should focus on identifying and overcoming the obstacles to healthcare access and preventive services for this population.
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