ArticleDiabetes care2025
Association of Insulin Resistance With Radiographic Lung Abnormalities and Incident Lung Disease: The Framingham Offspring Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Type 2 Diabetes and the Lung - Cause and Consequence.Current diabetes reports · 2026Review
- The relationship between triglyceride-glucose index and chronic lung diseases: a nationwide cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Association of C-Reactive Protein-Triglyceride Glucose Index With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From the NHANES and CHARLS Cohorts.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Current diagnosis, epidemiology, and management of interstitial lung abnormalities.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInsulin resistance (IR) may be a risk factor for lung disease, but objective evidence is limited. We sought to define the relationship of longitudinal IR with radiographic imaging outcomes and examiner-identified incident lung disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsParticipants without baseline lung disease underwent repeated measurements of fasting insulin and glucose levels over an average period of 13.6 years, from which time-weighted average HOMA-IR was calculated. Each participant then underwent a cardiac gated whole-lung computed tomography scan, which was analyzed for the presence of emphysema, interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs), and quantitative airway features. Incident lung disease was determined by a study examiner. The relationship of HOMA-IR to these outcomes was estimated in models adjusted for demographics, BMI, and lifetime smoking.
resultsA total of 875 participants with longitudinal IR data and outcomes were identified. Their mean age was 51.5 years, and BMI was 26.7 kg/m2. HOMA-IR was temporally unstable, with a within-person SD approximately two-thirds of the between-person SD. In adjusted models, a 1 SD increase in log(HOMA-IR) z score was associated with higher odds of qualitative emphysema (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% CI 1.04-1.70), ILAs (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.05-1.74), and modest increases in airway wall thickness and wall area percentage. These radiographic findings were corroborated by a positive association of HOMA-IR with incident lung disease.
conclusionsIR is associated with radiographic lung abnormalities and incident lung disease. Deeper phenotyping is necessary to define mechanisms of IR-associated lung injury.
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Registered trials
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