ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes M2 macrophage polarization.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Commentary: Unveiling a Metabolic-Lymphatic Axis in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.Cardiology discovery · 2026Article
- Blocking mitochondrial leucine transamination enhances T-cell activation and improves T-cell immunity against OVA-producing EL4 lymphoma.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- The competition of amino acid among tumors, tumor-associated macrophages and T cells based on metabolic reprogramming.iScience · 2026Review
- The vicious cycle from inflammation to pyroptosis: the core role of macrophage polarization imbalance in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- MTFR2 promotes VDAC1 oligomerization to reprogram BCAA metabolism in tumor cells to polarize TAMs in LUAD.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Lifestyle intervention is associated with attenuation of ER stress/inflammation and enhancement of naive immune cell identity in older adults with metabolic disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Phase-engineered MoSJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Metabolic regulation of tumor-associated macrophage function and immunotherapy in cancer.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Impaired BCAA Catabolism Contributes To Acute Lung Injury By Triggering Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response Via the MAPK Pathway.Inflammation · 2026Article
- The Metabolic-Immune Axis: Amino Acids and Immune Cell Dynamics in Mammary Gland Development and Remodeling.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Branched-chain amino acid metabolism and macrophage polarization: potential regulatory nodes and therapeutic targets in diabetes-associated metabolic inflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Amino acid metabolism modulates macrophage polarization: implications for autoimmune-related diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Nanomedicine strategies for cuproptosis: Metabolic reprogramming and tumor immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Anti-Atherogenic Mechanisms and Therapies.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Inflammation Management in Endurance Sports: Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolic Reprogramming and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Regulation, and Precision Targeting.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Demystifying metabolic‒immune crosstalk: how amino acid metabolic reprogramming shapes the malignant phenotype and macrophage polarization of biliary and pancreatic tumors.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- BCAA supplementation enhances milk fat synthesis in Yili mares and promotes foal growth through remodeling of intestinal amino acid metabolism.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Macrophages: emerging targets for ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: During an immune response, macrophages undergo systematic metabolic rewiring tailored to support their functions. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism has been reported to modulate macrophage function; however, its role in macrophage alternative activation remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of BCAA metabolism in macrophage alternative activation. Method: The metabolomics of BMDM-derived M0 and M2 macrophages were analyzed using LC-MS. BCAAs were supplemented and genes involved in BCAA catabolism were inhibited during M2 macrophage polarization. The expression of M2 marker genes was assessed through RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Results and discussion: Metabolomic analysis identified increased BCAA metabolism as one of the most significantly rewired pathways upon alternative activation. M2 macrophages had significantly lower BCAA levels compared to controls. BCAA supplementation promoted M2 macrophage polarization both in vitro and in vivo and increased oxidative phosphorylation in M2 macrophages. Blocking BCAA entry into mitochondria by knockdown of SLC25A44 inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, M2 macrophages polarization was suppressed by knockdown of Branched-chain amino-acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2) and branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha (BCKDHA), both of which are key enzymes involved in BCAA oxidation. Overall, our findings suggest that BCAA catabolism plays an important role in polarization toward M2 macrophages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.