ReviewCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)2024
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Breast: Current Insights and Future Directions.
Review in Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Adjuvant chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab immunotherapy for primary triple-negative neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Oligometastatic Breast Cancer With Cutaneous Involvement and Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia in a Young Woman.Cureus · 2025Article
- HER2-positive neuroendocrine breast carcinoma: a case study uncoversPathologica · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe breast neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors and account for less than 1% of all NENs. The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Breast Tumors in 2019 introduced a more stringent definition for breast NENs including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) (G1, G2) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) (small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma). While the diagnostic criteria and treatment of breast NENs still have some unsolved issues.
objectiveWe aim to discuss the diagnosis, treatment progress, existing problems, and future development direction of breast NENs.
methodsWe provide a comprehensive review and evaluation of the diagnostic criteria, pathological features, utilization of immunohistochemical markers, molecular characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical significance, treatment options for breast NENs.
results(1) Under the new definition, "pure" breast NENs are extremely rare. (2) Breast NETs are graded according to Nottingham grading System. Grading criteria utilized in other systems for NENs, such as mitotic count, ki67 proliferation index, and necrosis, have not been applied to breast NENs. (3) The WHO has not yet acknowledged the existence of NET G3 clearly. (4) The expression of NE markers may differ in breast NECs. (5) The treatment of breast NENs is still based on IBCs-NST, and without any difference from invasive carcinoma with NE features. (6) The prognosis of breast NENs remains unclear, while the prognosis for NECs is significantly poorer than invasive breast carcinomas of no special type (IBCs-NST) has been confirmed.
conclusionStrict adherence to criteria is the key to correctly diagnose breast NENs with the exclusion of metastasis from other sites. Further exploration is required to determine the tissue origin of breast NENs and understand the pathogenesis. Efforts are still needed to establish unified diagnostic criteria and a unique diagnosis and treatment consensus for breast NENs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.