ArticleNature human behaviour2025
Evaluating the association between the introduction of mandatory calorie labelling and energy consumed using observational data from the out-of-home food sector in England.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Examining use of restaurant nutrition information among adults living in England engaged in disordered eating or weight management efforts.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Compliance With England's Calorie Labeling Regulations 3 Years After Policy Implementation.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2026Article
- Changes in out-of-home food purchasing following the introduction of England's calorie labelling regulations: a population-level controlled interrupted time series analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The Way Calories Are Displayed on Restaurant Menus May Not Affect Calorie Intake: Evidence from an Online Experiment.Nutrients · 2025Article
- 'I think from my experience, it's a negative thing for most people': Exploring the perspectives of young British women opposed to the calories on menus policy in the UK.Journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Accuracy of menu calorie labelling in the England out-of-home food sector during 2024: assessment of a national food policy.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Broad considerations for improving eating disorder care: a lived experience and quality improvement perspective.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Calorie labelling regulations in England: menu change not behaviour change?Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of a mandatory calorie labelling policy in out-of-home food outlets in England on consumer behaviour: a natural experimental study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Calorie labelling and other drivers of takeaway food choices.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Changes in energy content of menu items at out-of-home food outlets in England after calorie labelling policy implementation: a pre-post analysis (2021-2022).BMJ public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In April 2022, mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling in the out-of-home food sector was introduced as a policy to reduce obesity in England. Here we examined whether the implementation of this policy was associated with a consumer behaviour change. Large out-of-home food sector outlets subject to kcal labelling legislation were visited pre- and post-implementation, and customer exit surveys were conducted with 6,578 customers from 330 outlets. Kcals purchased and consumed, knowledge of purchased kcals and reported noticing and use of kcal labelling were examined. The results suggested that the introduction of the mandatory kcal labelling policy in England was not associated with a significant decrease in self-reported kcals purchased (B = 11.31, P = 0.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) -27.15 to 49.77) or consumed (B = 18.51, P = 0.279, 95% CI -15.01 to 38 52.03). Post-implementation, participants underestimated the energy content of their purchased meal less (B = 61.21, P = 0.002, 95% CI 21.57 to 100.86) and were more likely to report noticing (odds ratio 2.25, P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.84 to 2.73) and using (odds ratio 2.15, P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.85) kcal labelling, which may have wider public health implications.
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Registered trials
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