ArticlePNAS nexus2024
Auditory processing up to cortex is maintained during sleep spindles.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulating sleep: slow oscillation and spindle stimulation effects on physiology and memory.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Filtering the noise: a cerebellar-centered framework for understanding and treating mental illness -a paradigm shift in psychiatry.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sleep State Influences Early Sound Encoding at Cortical But Not Subcortical Levels.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neurophysiological effects of targeting sleep spindles with closed-loop auditory stimulation.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sleep spindles are transient 11-16 Hz brain oscillations generated by thalamocortical circuits. Their role in memory consolidation is well established, but how they play a role in sleep continuity and protection of memory consolidation against interference is unclear. One theory posits that spindles or a neural refractory period following their offset act as a gating mechanism, blocking sensory information en route to the cortex at the level of the thalamus. An alternative model posits that spindles do not participate in the suppression of neural responses to sound, although they can be produced in response to sound. We present evidence from three experiments using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography in humans that examine different evoked responses in the presence of and following sleep spindles. The results provide convergent empirical evidence suggesting that auditory processing up to cortex is maintained during sleep spindles, and their refractory periods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.