ArticleMetabolites2024
First Insights into the Fecal Metabolome of Healthy, Free-Roaming Giraffes (
Article in Metabolites, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Faecal Microbiome Analysed from Healthy, Free-Roaming Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis).Current microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThis study provides the first insights to the fecal metabolome of the giraffe (
methodsUntargeted GCxGC/TOF-MS analysis was applied to the feces collected from thirteen giraffes (six males and seven females) from six different locations within the central Free State Province of South Africa over a period of two years. Statistical analysis of the generated data was used to identify the metabolites that were significantly different between the giraffes located in environments that provided SF and others where the giraffes only fed on the natural available vegetation. The same metabolomics analysis was used to investigate metabolite concentrations that were significantly different between the wet and dry seasons for a single giraffe male provided with SF over the two-year period, as well as for age and sex differences.
resultsA total of 2042 features were detected from 26 giraffe fecal samples. Clear variations between fecal metabolome profiles were confirmed, with higher levels of amino acid-related and carbohydrate-related metabolites for giraffes receiving SF. In addition, a separation between the obtained profiles of samples collected from a single adult male giraffe during the wet and dry seasons was identified. Differences, such as higher levels of carbohydrate-related metabolites and organic compounds during the wet season were noted. Distinct variations in profiles were also identified for the metabolites from fecal samples collected from the six males and seven females, with higher concentrations in carbohydrate-related metabolites and alkanes for female giraffes comparatively.
conclusionsThis is the first study to investigate the composition of the fecal metabolome of free-roaming giraffes, as well as the effects that external factors, such as environmental exposures, feeding practices, seasonal variations, age and sex, have on it. This novel use of fecal metabolomics assists in developing non-invasive techniques to determine giraffe populations' health that do not require additional stressors such as capture, restraint and blood collection. Ultimately, such non-invasive advances are beneficial towards the conservation of wildlife species on a larger scale.
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Registered trials
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