ArticleVaccines2024
The Immunologic Downsides Associated with the Powerful Translation of Current COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA Can Be Overcome by Mucosal Vaccines.
Article in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on HIV-1 Reservoir in People Living with HIV.Viruses · 2026Review
- An influenza HA mRNA-LNP vaccine induces potent responses in newborn nonhuman primates that enhance protection from challenge.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- The Potential of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Spread of Self-Amplifying RNA and a Way to Mitigate It.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Interplay of Politics and Conspiracy Theories in Shaping Vaccine Hesitancy in a Diverse Cultural Setting in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccination, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for cancer: 30-month cohort study in an Italian province.EXCLI journal · 2025Article
- Restoring trust in vaccination: listening to patients and acknowledging Post-Acute COVID Vaccine Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The action of mRNA-based vaccines requires the expression of the antigen in cells targeted by lipid nanoparticle-mRNA complexes. When the vaccine antigen is not fully retained by the producer cells, its local and systemic diffusion can have consequences depending on both the levels of antigen expression and its biological activity. A peculiarity of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines is the extraordinarily high amounts of the Spike antigen expressed by the target cells. In addition, vaccine Spike can be shed and bind to ACE-2 cell receptors, thereby inducing responses of pathogenetic significance including the release of soluble factors which, in turn, can dysregulate key immunologic processes. Moreover, the circulatory immune responses triggered by the vaccine Spike is quite powerful, and can lead to effective anti-Spike antibody cross-binding, as well as to the emergence of both auto- and anti-idiotype antibodies. In this paper, the immunologic downsides of the strong efficiency of the translation of the mRNA associated with COVID-19 vaccines are discussed together with the arguments supporting the idea that most of them can be avoided with the advent of next-generation, mucosal COVID-19 vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.