Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39593194›Full record

SynthesisStem cell research & therapy2024

Different storage and freezing protocols for extracellular vesicles: a systematic review.

Shahin Ahmadian, Negin Jafari, Amin Tamadon, Alireza Ghaffarzadeh, Reza Rahbarghazi, Mahdi Mahdipour

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Stem cell research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
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  5. Extension of the fluidics NTF-Biobank of polytraumatized patients with extracellular vesicles: improved vesicle preservation through local processing.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
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  10. Extracellular vesicle-mediated mechanisms and therapeutic potential in acute lung injury.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Review
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63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shahin AhmadianStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Negin JafariStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Amin TamadonDepartment of Research and Development, PerciaVista R&D Co, Shiraz, Iran.
Alireza GhaffarzadehStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Reza RahbarghaziStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mahdi MahdipourStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mahdi.mahdipour@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-2729-4593

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered promising tools in regenerative medicine. However, the nanoscale properties of EVs make them sensitive to environmental conditions. Optimal storage protocols are crucial for maintaining EV structural, molecular, and functional integrity. This systematic review aimed to gather evidence on the effects of various storage protocols on EV characteristics and integrity. STRATEGY: A comprehensive search was conducted for original studies investigating the impacts of storage temperature, freezing techniques, freeze-thaw cycles, and stabilizing strategies on EV concentration, size distribution, morphology, cargo content, and bioactivity. Results from 50 included studies were analyzed.

resultsData indicated that rapid freezing procedures and constant subzero temperatures (optimally - 80 °C) resulted in appropriate EV quantity and cargo preservation. Subjecting EVs to multiple freeze-thaw cycles decreased particle concentrations, RNA content, impaired bioactivity, and increased EV size and aggregation. Electron microscopy revealed vesicle enlargement, and fusion, along with membrane deformation after being exposed to substandard storage protocols. The addition of stabilizers like trehalose helped EVs to maintain integrity. Of note, storage in native biofluids offered improved stability over purified EVs in buffers.

conclusionData emphasize the critical need for precise storage protocols for EVs to ensure reproducible research outcomes and clinical applications. Further studies using reliable methods are necessary to create specific guidelines for improving the stability of EVs in various applications.

Indexed as

CryopreservationExtracellular VesiclesFreezingHumansCryopreservationExtracellular vesiclesIntegrityStabilityStorage

Identifiers

PMID39593194
PMCPMC11600612

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.