Evidence mapPaperPMID 39596449Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024

The Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Blood Pressure and Other Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Alexandra Katsimardou, Panagiotis Theofilis, Aikaterini Vordoni, Michael Doumas, Rigas G Kalaitzidis

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07452913 (Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Metformin-Empagliflozin-Sitagliptin vs. Metformin-Empagliflozin-Linagliptin as Initial Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07452913 phase4enrolling by invitationstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Metformin-Empagliflozin-Sitagliptin vs. Metformin-Empagliflozin-Linagliptin as Initial Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ran2026Enrolled110Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsMetformin + Empagliflozin + Linagliptin, Metformin+ Empagliflozin + Sitagliptin
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alexandra Katsimardou2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-9180-6071
Panagiotis TheofilisCenter for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Ag. Panteleimon", 18454 Nikaia, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-9260-6306
Aikaterini VordoniCenter for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Ag. Panteleimon", 18454 Nikaia, Greece.
Michael Doumas2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece.
Rigas G KalaitzidisCenter for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Ag. Panteleimon", 18454 Nikaia, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7773-7575

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Beyond their established hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective properties, sodium-glucose cotransporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert other pleiotropic actions on blood pressure levels, body weight, and lipid metabolism. Blood pressure (BP) reduction varies based on the background history, including an effect on systolic, diastolic BP, and 24 h BP measurements. The reduction in body weight between 1 and 2 kg for the first months is caused by a reduction in visceral and subcutaneous fat due to glycosuria and loss of calories. Regarding lipid metabolism, a reduction in triglycerides and an increase in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been reported, although these alterations are small and could provide additional cardiovascular protection. Various pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the above-mentioned pleiotropic actions of SGLT2 inhibitors. Natriuresis, osmotic diuresis, body weight reduction, amelioration of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, sympathetic tone decrease, and uric acid reduction are among those that have been suggested for BP reduction. Apart from glycosuria and calorie loss, other mechanisms seem to contribute to body weight reduction, such as the beiging of white adipose tissue, while the mechanisms involved in lipid metabolism alterations have not been clearly determined.

Indexed as

Blood PressureCardiometabolic Risk FactorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansLipid MetabolismSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorschronic kidney diseaseheart failurehypertensionSGLT2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID39596449
PMCPMC11594301

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.