ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Infection-Associated Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distinctive Inflammatory Traits of Parvovirus B19 Infection Associated with Persisting Autoimmunity.Viruses · 2026Observational
- Incidence of serious infections, herpes zoster and hepatitis B virus reactivation among patients with SLE: a cohort study using a health claims database in Japan.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Endosome traffic in rheumatic diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Emerging and underrecognized viral triggers of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease flares.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Long-Term Safety of Anti-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus-like Diseases with a Previous History of Myocarditis.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Long Term Outcomes of Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Multicentre Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by generalised immune dysfunction, including infection susceptibility. Infection-associated flares (IAFs) are common and might rapidly self-resolve, paralleling infection resolution, but their specific clinical phenotype is poorly understood. Therefore, we screened 2039 consecutive visits and identified 134 flares, defined as a loss of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS), from 1089 visits at risk spanning over multiple follow-up years, yielding an average yearly LLDAS deterioration rate of 17%. Thirty-eight IAFs were isolated from the total flares and were mostly related to bacterial and herpesvirus infections. When compared to other flares (OFs; n = 98), IAFs showed no milder patterns of organ involvement and similar rates of long-term damage accrual, as estimated by conventional clinimetrics. Arthritis in IAFs was more severe than that in OFs [median (interquartile range) DAS-28 2.6 (2.3-4.1) vs. 2.0 (1.6-2.7);
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.