Evidence mapPaperPMID 39600110Full record

ReviewESC heart failure2025

Cardiac remodelling in the era of the recommended four pillars heart failure medical therapy.

Giada Colombo, Tor Biering-Sorensen, Joao P Ferreira, Carlo Mario Lombardi, Andrea Bonelli, Andrea Garascia, Marco Metra, Riccardo M Inciardi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ESC heart failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Gut microbiota's role in heart failure.Heart failure reviews · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Giada ColomboDepartment of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Tor Biering-SorensenDepartment of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Joao P FerreiraDepartment of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Carlo Mario LombardiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Andrea BonelliDivision of Cardiovascular, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano di Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Andrea GarasciaDivision of Cardiovascular, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano di Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Marco MetraDepartment of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Riccardo M InciardiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiac remodelling is a key determinant of worse cardiovascular outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It affects both the left ventricle (LV) structure and function as well as the left atrium (LA) and the right ventricle (RV). Guideline recommended medical therapy for HF, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptors II blockers/angiotensin receptor blocker-neprilysin inhibitors (ACE-I/ARB/ARNI), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF. By targeting multiple pathophysiological pathways, foundational HF therapies are supposed to drive their beneficial clinical effects by a direct myocardial effect. Simultaneous initiation of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) through a synergistic effect promotes a 'reverse remodelling', leading to a full or partial recovered structure and function by enhancing systemic neurohumoral regulation and energy metabolism, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, lowering oxidative stress and inflammation and adverse extracellular matrix deposition. The aim of this review is to describe how these classes of drugs can drive reverse remodelling in the LV, LA and RV and improve prognosis in patients with HFrEF.

Indexed as

Heart FailureStroke VolumeVentricular RemodelingAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsHumansMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsCardiac remodellingHeart failureMedical therapy

Identifiers

PMID39600110
PMCPMC11911582

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.