ArticleEvolutionary human sciences2024
Methods in causal inference. Part 1: causal diagrams and confounding.
Article in Evolutionary human sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Importance of oxyphil cells for parathyroid hormone/calcium concentrations in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective observational study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Observational
- Investigating the causal effects of religiosity on childbearing among U.S. adolescents using a three-wave longitudinal design.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- How work hours affect well-being: A target trial emulation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Precision public health: A natural experiment on chronic high-contrast PM2.5 exposure and pulmonary function among older adults.PloS one · 2026Article
- Target trial emulation shows that supported causal effects of religious attendance on well-being are selective.Evolutionary human sciences · 2026Article
- Reflective thinking predicts disbelief in God across 19 countries.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Article
- Sex differences in sepsis outcomes across the lifespan: a population-based cohort study in Germany.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Toward New Directions in Human Biology: A Roadmap for Anthropological Causal Inference With Observational Data.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Application of causal forest double machine learning (DML) approach to assess tuberculosis preventive therapy's impact on ART adherence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Religious centrality across 22 countries.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Methods in causal inference. Part 2: Interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments.Evolutionary human sciences · 2024Article
- Methods in causal inference. Part 3: measurement error and external validity threats.Evolutionary human sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Causal inference requires contrasting counterfactual states under specified interventions. Obtaining these contrasts from data depends on explicit assumptions and careful, multi-step workflows. Causal diagrams are crucial for clarifying the identifiability of counterfactual contrasts from data. Here, I explain how to use causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to determine if and how causal effects can be identified from non-experimental observational data, offering practical reporting tips and suggestions to avoid common pitfalls.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.