ArticleACR open rheumatology2025
Axial Spondyloarthritis in Black Americans: An Observational Study From Five Centers in Shelby County, Tennessee.
Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Race as a determinant of clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis in the United States.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an immune-mediated disease that predominantly affects the axial skeleton. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of axSpA in Black Americans in Shelby County. We also aimed to report diagnostic delays, disease severity, and health disparities in this population.
methodsThis was a retrospective observational study in which electronic records of patients with axSpA were reviewed across five centers in Shelby County. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and imaging were collected. The frequency was reported. Two-group comparisons were done using the chi-square test and two-sample t-test. Multivariable logistic and linear regression methods were used to compare sacroiliitis grades and delay in diagnosis, respectively, after adjusting for confounders.
resultsBlack Americans constituted 32% (n = 78) of the 244 patients with axSpA identified. Black Americans had significantly more hip involvement, more elevations in C-reactive protein, less HLA-B27 positivity, and less family history positivity when compared with White patients. After adjusting for age, sex, and HLA-B27, Black Americans had twice as higher odds of having advanced grades of sacroiliitis on x-rays compared to White Americans (odds ratio 2.32 [95% confidence interval 1.23-4.44]). AxSpA was associated with significant diagnostic delays in both races.
conclusionA significant proportion of patients with axSpA in Shelby County were Black Americans. The study identified that Black Americans have more odds of having advanced sacroiliitis on x-rays, more hip involvement, and higher markers of inflammation. It also showed that, regardless of race or ethnicity, there is a significant diagnostic delay.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.