Evidence mapPaperPMID 39604044Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

High-protein vegan and omnivorous diets improve peripheral insulin sensitivity to a similar extent in people with type 2 diabetes.

Gráinne Whelehan, Marlou L Dirks, Sam West, Doaa R Abdelrahman, Andrew J Murton, Tim J A Finnigan, Benjamin T Wall, Francis B Stephens

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gráinne WhelehanDepartment of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1391-4349
Marlou L DirksDepartment of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Sam WestDepartment of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Doaa R AbdelrahmanDepartment of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Andrew J MurtonDepartment of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Tim J A FinniganNew Era Foods, Rudby Lea Hutton, Rudby, UK.
Benjamin T WallDepartment of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Francis B StephensDepartment of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Funding

UTMB Claude Pepper Older Americans Independence CenterP30AG024832 · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BR GALVESTON · 2005 to 2025
$2.8M
Marlow Foods Ltd 690006180
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigh-protein diets have been recognized as a potential strategy in the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mycoprotein is a high-fibre, high-protein food ingredient previously shown to improve acute glycaemic control. We determined whether incorporating mycoprotein into a high-protein vegan diet would improve glycaemic control to a greater extent than an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in people with T2D.

methodsSeventeen adults (f = 5, age = 58.3 ± 8.3 years, BMI = 32.9 ± 4.7 kg∙m

resultsThe rate of glucose disappearance (RdT), glucose disposal rate and endogenous glucose production, as well as postprandial time-course of blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were assessed during the HEC and MMTT, respectively. Both groups had improved peripheral insulin sensitivity (intervention effect, p = 0.006; increased RdT/Insulin of 1.0 ± 0.6 and 1.0 ± 0.3 mg kg

conclusionsHigh-protein diets, whether predicated on vegan or omnivorous proteins, can improve glycaemic control by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in people with T2D.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary ProteinsDiet, High-ProteinDiet, VeganInsulin ResistanceAgedBlood GlucoseDiet, VegetarianFemaleGlucose Clamp TechniqueGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansInsulinMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseDietary ProteinsGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanInsulinglycaemic controlinsulin resistanceinsulin secretiontype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39604044
PMCPMC11802395

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.