ArticleArquivos brasileiros de cardiologia2024
Determination of Serum Glycogen Synthase 3 Beta Levels in Patients with Heart Failure, a Novel Marker for Diagnosis and Defining Disease Severity?
Article in Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of the Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemic Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Interleukin-38 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for heart failure.Biomarkers in medicine · 2025Article
- Serum Glycogen Synthase 3 Beta Levels: A Promissory Marker for Patients with Heart Failure.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGlycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is an enzyme that has roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We try to reveal serum GSK3β levels in types of HF.
objectivesIn this study, we evaluated serum GSK3β levels in HF patients. Also, we tried to elucidate any possible relationship between serum GSK3β levels and disease severity among three different types of HF patients.
methodsWe performed a prospective study and enrolled 112 patients: 50 patients in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) group, 30 patients in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) group, and 32 patients in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction group (HFrEF). We also evaluated 50 healthy controls. Echocardiographic examinations were performed. We measured serum GSK-3β and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). We measured highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and calculated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) from the hemogram count. Statistical significance was accepted p < 0.05.
resultsSerum GSK3β levels were significantly higher among patients with HF compared to healthy controls (median GSK3β levels; 117.26 (45.39 -223.85) vs 13.91 (5.6 -23.3) ng/mL, p<0.001). Also, GSK3β levels were highest among patients with HFpEF and lowest among patients with HFrEF; 236.44 (132.89 -432) vs. 38.72 (23.15-67.31) ng/mL respectively (p<0.001). Median NT-proBNP levels, as expected, were significantly higher among patients with HF compared to healthy controls (660 (291 -1000) vs. 92 (78 -102) pg/mL, p<0.001). As a marker of systemic inflammation, hsCRP values, NLR, and PLR did not differ significantly among HF patients and controls.
conclusionGSK3β levels were significantly higher among patients with HF. Also, as the ejection fraction declines, GSK3β levels also reduce, probably as a protective mechanism to prevent further apoptosis and myocyte death.
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