Western diet promotes the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in association with ferroptosis in male mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a silent killer that often progresses to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). To date, there are no pharmacological treatments for MASLD. While obesity is a major cause of the development and progression of MASLD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that ferroptosis, a recently discovered nonapoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death, is activated during the progression of MASLD and may be a potential target for treating MASLD. Using a murine model of Western diet-induced obesity, C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to a long-term (36 weeks) Western diet. Controls were maintained with a standard chow diet. Western diet-induced obesity was confirmed by increased body mass index (BMI). Histopathological analysis demonstrated the progression of MASLD to MASH in the obese group, which was accompanied by significant hepatic iron deposition, oxidative damage, and lipid peroxidation. Hepatic ferroptosis was further confirmed by decreased protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and increased acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), markers of ferroptosis. These findings suggest that ferroptosis is a potential mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of MASLD in male mice.