Evidence mapPaperPMID 39611889Full record

SynthesisInternational urology and nephrology2025

The effects of soy protein and soy isoflavones intake on chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yu Zhixiang, Xu Yongxing, Liu Juan, Yang Qing, Lu Yangyang, Zhen Zhangrui, Gao Yuehua

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International urology and nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yu Zhixiang *Department of Nephrology, The Ninth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former Name: The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center), Beijing, 100101, China.
Xu Yongxing *Department of Nephrology, The Ninth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former Name: The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center), Beijing, 100101, China.
Liu JuanBeijing Chaoyang 11th Retired Cadre Rest Center, Beijing, 100101, China.
Yang QingDepartment of Nephrology, The Ninth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former Name: The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center), Beijing, 100101, China.
Lu YangyangDepartment of Nephrology, The Ninth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former Name: The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center), Beijing, 100101, China.
Zhen ZhangruiDepartment of Nephrology, The Ninth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former Name: The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center), Beijing, 100101, China.
Gao YuehuaDepartment of Nephrology, The Ninth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former Name: The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center), Beijing, 100101, China. kidneygyh@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeExisting literatures on the potential impact of soy protein consumption on kidney function present conflicting findings. In this study, a meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the impact of soy protein consumption in comparison to animal protein consumption among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

methodsA structured electronic search was conducted on Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials published up to March 2024. The outcome measures were serum creatinine (SCR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), calcium (Ca), C-reactive protein, proteinuria, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid (UA) and phosphorus concentrations. Mean differences were calculated for net changes using random-effects models.

resultsEighteen trials with a total of 522 participants were included in this systematic review. The results showed that consumption of soy protein led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, and proteinuria levels. The average reduction was  - 20.55 mg/dL (95% CI  - 38.25,  - 2.85 mg/dL) for total cholesterol (P = 0.02),  - 8.26 mg/dL (95% CI  - 13.35,  - 3.17 mg/dL; P = 0.001) for LDL and  - 140.53 (95% CI  - 205.83,  - 75.23 mg/day) for proteinuria. No statistically significant impact was observed on serum creatinine, triglycerides, calcium, C-reactive protein, HDL, uric acid, or phosphorus levels.

conclusionThe findings of the meta-analysis showed a potential protective impact of soy protein intake on hyperlipidemia and proteinuria in CKD patients. It is important to note that the evidence presented may be of limited accuracy due to relatively small number of trials and participants.

Indexed as

IsoflavonesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSoybean ProteinsHumansIsoflavonesSoybean ProteinsChronic kidney diseaseRandomized controlled trialsSoy protein intakeSystematic review

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.