Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39614836›Full record

ArticleInfant mental health journal2025

Maternal self-efficacy during infancy: Investigating the roles of depression and social support among mothers in rural Pakistan.

Allison Frost, Ashley Hagaman, Sarah Haight, Naira Ikram, Liz Turner, Sonia Bhalotra, Siham Sikander, Joanna Maselko

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infant mental health journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Allison FrostCarolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-7687
Ashley HagamanDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Sarah HaightDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Naira IkramHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Liz TurnerDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Sonia BhalotraDepartment of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Siham SikanderDepartment of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Joanna MaselkoCarolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Funding

Impact of Perinatal Depression treatment on child developmental outcomesR01HD075875 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MASELKO, JOANNA · 2014 to 2024
$5.2M
Training Program in Reproductive, Perinatal, and Pediatric EpidemiologyT32HD052468 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Julie L Daniels · 2008 to 2026
$3.8M
South Asian Hub for Advocacy, Research & Education on Mental Health (SHARE)U19MH095687 · NIMH · LONDON SCH/HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE · PI PATEL, VIKRAM H, RAHMAN, ATIF · 2011 to 2015
$2.9M
National Institute of Child Health and Development (R01HD075875; PI: Maselko)National Institute of Child Health and Development (T32 HD52468)NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD075875NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD052468NIMH NIH HHS U19 MH095687The Bachpan cohort study received funding from the National Institute of Mental Health (U19MH95687)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Maternal self-efficacy during infancy is shaped by many factors, including maternal mental health and social support. This study examines how depression, emotional support, and childcare support relate to maternal self-efficacy among mothers of infants in rural Pakistan. Participants included 885 mothers assessed at 3 and 6 months postpartum. At 3 months postpartum, mothers completed interview measures of depression, emotional social support, support with day-to-day childcare tasks (daily childcare support), and childcare support when they were unable to care for their child (childcare support when needed). At 6 months postpartum, participants reported on maternal self-efficacy. Generalized estimating equations were used to test the associations between depression and social support at 3 months and maternal self-efficacy at 6 months, as well as the interaction between depression and social support. Depression at 3 months was not associated with maternal self-efficacy at 6 months when controlling for depression at 6 months. Emotional support was associated with increased self-efficacy, but daily childcare support was not. We found weak evidence that childcare support when needed was associated with increased self-efficacy only among mothers with depression. Results suggest that emotional support and childcare support when needed may be helpful for promoting mothers' self-efficacy.

Indexed as

DepressionDepression, PostpartumMothersSelf EfficacySocial SupportAdultFemaleHumansInfantMalePakistanRural PopulationYoung Adultapoyo socialAsie du Sudauto efectividad maternaAuto‐efficacité maternellechildcarecuidado del niñodepresióndepressionDepressiondépressiongarde d'enfantsKinderbetreuungmaternal self‐efficacyMütterliche Selbstwirksamkeitsocial supportSouth Asiasoutien socialSoziale UnterstützungSüdasiensur Asiaالكفاية الذاتية للأمهات، الاكتئاب، الدعم الاجتماعي، رعاية الأطفال، جنوب آسيا南亚抑郁母亲自我效能母親の自己効力感、抑うつ、社会的支援、育児、南アジア社会支持育儿

Identifiers

PMID39614836
PMCPMC13640801

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.