CpG can induce the proliferation and differentiation of B10 cells in the peripheral blood of children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disease with a pathogenesis that remains unclear. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the role of B10 cells in ITP pathogenesis and provide a potential novel target for ITP treatment. We selected 42 children diagnosed with ITP and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy children as study objects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and treated with Golgplug combined with CD40L or CpG combined with CD40L, respectively. After 5 h and 48 h in vitro culture, the proportion of B10 cells in CD19 + cells was compared by flow cytometry and intracellular staining between the two groups. ITP children's prognosis was followed up to analyze the relationship between the proportion of B10 cells and the prognosis of ITP. Without CpG stimulation, the proportion of B10 cells in the peripheral blood of ITP children and healthy counterparts did not differ after 5-h in vitro culture. After 48-h in vitro culture, the proportion of B10 cells in the peripheral blood of ITP children without CpG stimulation was significantly higher than in the control group. Under CpG stimulation, the proportion of B10 cells in the peripheral blood of ITP children cultured in vitro was higher than that in the control group. In children with ITP, the proportion of peripheral blood B cells increased. Additionally, CD19 + cells were more sensitive to CpG-induced TLR9 signal stimulation in children with ITP than those in their healthy counterparts. These findings provide a research direction for ITP pathogenesis.