Evidence mapPaperPMID 39615768Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2025

Association of Tobacco Dependence Treatment Coverage Expansion With Smoking Behaviors Among Medicaid Beneficiaries Living With Substance Use Disorder.

Benjamin Lê Cook, Michael Flores, Ana M Progovac, Margo Moyer, Katie E Holmes, Thomas Lê, Anika Kumar, Douglas Levy, Brendan Saloner, Geoff Ferris Wayne

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Benjamin Lê CookHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts; Cambridge Health Alliance Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Electronic address: bcook@cha.harvard.edu.
Michael FloresHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts; Cambridge Health Alliance Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Ana M ProgovacHarvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts; Cambridge Health Alliance Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Margo MoyerCambridge Health Alliance Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Katie E HolmesCambridge Health Alliance Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Thomas LêBryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.
Anika KumarBrandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Douglas LevyHarvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Brendan SalonerJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Geoff Ferris WayneCambridge Health Alliance Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Funding

AHRQ HHS R01 HS021486NCI NIH HHS R01 CA229355NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH126283
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMany U.S. states expanded the generosity of Medicaid insurance coverage of tobacco dependence treatment over the last fifteen years, but little is known about how coverage impacts cigarette smoking, especially for individuals with substance use disorder.

methodsData are from the 2009 to 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and include Medicaid beneficiaries 18-64 years old with past year substance use disorder who smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. Outcomes were smoking cessation, nicotine dependence, and number of cigarettes smoked per month. Difference-in-differences models were estimated for smoking behavior by state and year of comprehensive tobacco dependence treatment coverage, estimating multivariable linear probability models, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, co-occurring mental illness, and area-level provider supply. All data were analyzed in 2023 and 2024.

resultsRates of nicotine dependence among individuals with past-year SUD increased slightly between 2009 and 2018 among individuals living in states with comprehensive tobacco dependence treatment coverage (55.6% to 58.6%) and changed little among individuals living in states with no or partial TDT coverage (60.0% to 59.5%). Quit rates increased for individuals with substance use disorder during this time, with no differences by comprehensive tobacco dependence treatment coverage. In adjusted models, no significant association between comprehensive Medicaid tobacco dependence treatment coverage and smoking behaviors was identified (e.g., cessation: β= -0.02, CI=-0.08, 0.04). One-year lagged outcomes and sensitivity analyses accounting for the differential time of initiation of state policies demonstrated similar results.

conclusionsComprehensive tobacco dependence treatment coverage had no differential effect on smoking cessation among ever smokers with or without substance use disorder, and its expansion was not associated with changes in smoking behaviors for Medicaid beneficiaries with substance use disorder. Other multilevel interventions may be needed to impact smoking cessation rates, such as awareness and education campaigns of expanded tobacco dependence treatment coverage benefits, and interventions that reduce social and structural barriers to treatment.

Indexed as

Insurance CoverageMedicaidSmokingSmoking CessationSubstance-Related DisordersTobacco Use DisorderAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39615768
PMCPMC11830533

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.