Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39616453›Full record

ReviewThe American journal of psychiatry2024

An Honest Reckoning With the Amygdala and Mental Illness.

Andrew S Fox, Alexander J Shackman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The American journal of psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. [Effects ofZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Fear, anxiety, and the extended amygdala-bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. A Shared Threat-Anticipation Circuit Is Dynamically Engaged at Different Moments by Certain and Uncertain Threat.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. The amygdala and the pursuit of future rewards.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Andrew S FoxDepartment of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis (Fox); Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park (Shackman).
Alexander J ShackmanDepartment of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis (Fox); Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park (Shackman).

Funding

National Institute on Aging (NIA) ColonyP51OD011107 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Simon J. Atkinson · 2012 to 2026
$191.5M
Engineered AAV Identification, Validation, and Dissemination Pipeline for Brain Cell Type-Specific Manipulation Across SpeciesUF1MH128336 · NIMH · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI FOX, ANDREW S, GRADINARU, VIVIANA · 2021 to 2021
$6.1M
Using Theory- and Data-Driven Neurocomputational Approaches and Digital Phenotyping to Understand RDoC Acute and Potential ThreatR01MH131264 · NIMH · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI ALEXANDER JOSEPH SHACKMAN · 2022 to 2026
$3.9M
Using Multimodal Neuroimaging and Real-World Experience Sampling to Understand Negative Affect and Paranoid Ideation in PsychosisR01MH121409 · NIMH · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI BLANCHARD, JACK J., SHACKMAN, ALEXANDER JOSEPH · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
ORIGINS AND EMERGENCE OF MALADAPTIVE SOCIOEMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR DURING THE TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD IN PRIMATESR01MH121735 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI FOX, ANDREW S · 2020 to 2025
$3.6M
Prospective Determination of Neurobehavioral Risk for the Development of Emotion DisordersR01MH107444 · NIMH · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI SHACKMAN, ALEXANDER JOSEPH · 2016 to 2020
$3.4M
Using Computational Neuroimaging and Extended Smartphone Assessment to Understand the Pathways Linking Threat-Related Brain Circuits to Alcohol Misuse Across AdulthoodR01AA030042 · NIAAA · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI ALEXANDER JOSEPH SHACKMAN · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
Brain Aging Across the Lifespan in Neurodevelopmental DisordersR01MH133068 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Andrew S Fox, KARL Daniel MURRAY · 2024 to 2026
$2.4M
The Role of Anxiety-Related Brain Circuits in Tobacco Dependence and WithdrawalR21DA040717 · NIDA · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI SHACKMAN, ALEXANDER JOSEPH · 2016 to 2017
$418k
Rethinking the Neural Correlates of Uncertain Threat Anticipation with a Statistical Learning ApproachR21MH129851 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI FOX, ANDREW S · 2022 to 2023
$414k
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA030042NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA040717NIH HHS P51 OD011107NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107444NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121409NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121735NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131264NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH133068NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH129851NIMH NIH HHS UF1 MH128336
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anxiety disorders are a leading source of human misery, morbidity, and premature mortality. Existing treatments are far from curative for many, underscoring the need to clarify the underlying neural mechanisms. Although many brain regions contribute, the amygdala has received the most intense scientific attention. Over the past several decades, this scrutiny has yielded a detailed understanding of amygdala function, but it has failed to produce new clinical assays, biomarkers, or cures. Rising to this urgent public health challenge demands an honest reckoning with the functional-neuroanatomical complexity of the amygdala and a shift from theories anchored on "the amygdala" to models centered on specific amygdala nuclei and cell types. This review begins by examining evidence from studies of rodents, monkeys, and humans for the "canonical model," the idea that the amygdala plays a central role in fear- and anxiety-related states, traits, and disorders. Next, the authors selectively highlight work indicating that the canonical model, while true, is overly simplistic and fails to adequately capture the actual state of the evidentiary record, the breadth of amygdala-associated functions and illnesses, or the complexity of the amygdala's functional architecture. The authors describe the implications of these facts for basic and clinical neuroimaging research. The review concludes with some general recommendations for grappling with the complexity of the amygdala and accelerating efforts to understand and more effectively treat amygdala-related psychopathology.

Indexed as

AmygdalaMental DisordersAnimalsAnxiety DisordersFearHumansAffective NeuroscienceAnxiety DisordersExtended AmygdalaFear and AnxietyNeuroanatomy

Identifiers

PMID39616453
PMCPMC11611071

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.