Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39621103›Full record

Trial reportDiabetologia2025

The effect of vitamin D

Jyrki K Virtanen, Sari Hantunen, Niko Kallio, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, JoAnn E Manson, Tarja Nurmi, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Matti Uusitupa, Ari Voutilainen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01463813 (Finnish Vitamin D Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01463813 nacompletednot on this map

Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Eastern FinlandRan2012 to 2018Enrolled2,495ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, CancerArmsVitamin D3, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. [Interpretation of the Expert Consensus Statement on the Role of Vitamin D in Metabolic Health].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jyrki K VirtanenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland. jyrki.virtanen@uef.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-999X
Sari HantunenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-3847
Niko KallioUniversity of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland.
Christel Lamberg-AllardtUniversity of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-1904
JoAnn E MansonDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-7595
Tarja NurmiUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland.
Jussi PihlajamäkiUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland.
Matti UusitupaUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6052-2001
Ari VoutilainenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0664-2675
Tomi-Pekka TuomainenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland.

Funding

Research Council of Finland 137826
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisVitamin D insufficiency is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, but evidence from randomised trials on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation is limited, especially for average-risk populations. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND) investigated the effects of vitamin D

methodsFIND was a 5 year randomised placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial among 2271 male and female participants aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years, respectively, from a general Finnish population who were free of CVD or cancer and did not use diabetes medications. The study had three arms: placebo, 1600 IU/day of vitamin D

resultsDuring the mean follow-up of 4.2 years, there were 38 (5.0%), 31 (4.2%) and 36 (4.7%) type 2 diabetes events in the placebo (n=760), 1600 IU/day vitamin D CONCLUSION/

interpretationAmong generally healthy older adults who are not at high risk for diabetes and who have serum 25(OH)D

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01463813.

Indexed as

CholecalciferolDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedDietary SupplementsFemaleFinlandHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsVitamin D DeficiencyCholecalciferolBMIExperimental studyOlder adultsType 2 diabetesVitamin D3

Identifiers

PMID39621103
PMCPMC11950068

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.