ArticleInfection control and hospital epidemiology2025
Sociodemographic differences in treatment of acute respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares.
Article in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Primary Care Telemedicine vs In-Person Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infections.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Development of a pediatric urgent care research infrastructure to facilitate human immunology studies.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether differences exist in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares (PUCs) by patient race/ethnicity, insurance, and language.
designMulti-center cohort study.
settingNine organizations (92 locations) from 22 states and Washington, DC.
participantsPatients ages 6 months-18 years evaluated April 2022-April 2023, with acute viral respiratory infections, otitis media with effusion (OME), acute otitis media (AOM), pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and sinusitis.
methodsWe compared the use of first-line (FL) therapy as defined by published guidelines. We used race/ethnicity, insurance, and language as exposures. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the odds of FL therapy by group.
resultsWe evaluated 396,340 ARI encounters. Among all encounters, 351,930 (88.8%) received FL therapy (98% for viral respiratory infections, 85.4% for AOM, 96.0% for streptococcal pharyngitis, 83.6% for sinusitis). OME and CAP had the lowest rates of FL therapy (49.9% and 60.7%, respectively). Adjusted odds of receiving FL therapy were higher in Black Non-Hispanic (NH) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53 [1.47, 1.59]), Asian NH (aOR 1.46 [1.40, 1.53], and Hispanic children (aOR 1.37 [1.33, 1.41]), compared to White NH. Additionally, odds of receiving FL therapy were higher in children with Medicaid/Medicare (aOR 1.21 [1.18-1.24]) and self-pay (aOR 1.18 [1.1-1.27]) compared to those with commercial insurance.
conclusionsThis multicenter collaborative showed lower rates of FL therapy for children of the White NH race and those with commercial insurance compared to other groups. Exploring these differences through a health equity lens is important for developing mitigating strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.