ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Extracellular vesicles: immunomodulation, diagnosis, and promising therapeutic roles for rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The risk of venous thromboembolism in RA.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Platelet-rich fibrin-derived extracellular vesicles: emerging biological mediators in periodontal regeneration.Odontology · 2026Review
- Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles: Promises and Pitfalls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Post-translational modifications in extracellular microvesicles from plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients following anti-TNFα therapy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- The recent progression of extracellular vesicles application in osteoporosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunomodulation and targeted delivery: breakthroughs and challenges in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Theranostic Nanoprobes for Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Inflammation Visualization to Guided Precision Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial transfer as a driver of immune microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Interactions Between Nanomaterials and Extracellular Vesicles: Molecular Insights and Translational Implications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle proteomic expression is influenced by mining tenure in former uranium miners.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Immunomodulation Through Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Within 3D Polycaprolactone-Collagen Matrix.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exosome circ-CBLB promotes M1 macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis through the TLR3/TRAF3 signaling axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicles derived from pluripotent stem cells: a cell-free approach to regenerative medicine.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) can be produced as part of pathology and physiology with increased amounts in pathological conditions. EVs can carry and transfer cargo such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to target cells and mediate intercellular communication resulting in modulation of gene expression, signaling pathways, and phenotype of recipient cells. EVs greatly influence the extracellular environment and the immune response. Their immunomodulatory properties are crucial in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition marked by dysregulated immune response. EVs can modulate the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells in RA pathogenesis. Differentially expressed EV-associated molecules in RA, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and proteins are promising markers to diagnose the disease. miRNA, lncRNA, and circular RNA (circRNA) cargos in EV regulate inflammation and the pathogenic functions of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Downregulated molecules in RA tissue and drugs can be encapsulated in EVs for RA therapy. This review provides an updated overview of EVs' immunomodulatory, diagnostic, and therapeutic roles, particularly emphasizing mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.