SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2024
Transgender and gender diverse individuals embodying endometriosis: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Barriers to gender affirming healthcare for transgender and non-binary people with endometriosis.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Insights from focus groups with trans and gender-diverse people with endometriosis: stories you tell, stories you don't.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people embody social and health inequalities that disproportionately affect this community more than the cisgender population. Endometriosis is a chronic condition of the reproductive tract that affects 5-10% of cisgender women. A recent systematic review with meta-analysis uncovered a pooled prevalence of 25.14% among TGD individuals undergoing gender-affirming surgeries. Objective: This study aims to investigate the causes of the gap in prevalence of endometriosis between the TGD community and the cisgender population. Methods: A systematic review with a fit-for-framework analysis was conducted. Results were analysed according to the adjusted developmental framework for embodiment with an intersectional approach. Sources were categorised in multi-levels relating to the framework mechanisms of expression, shaping, interaction, and incorporation. Results: Four hundred twenty-three (423) studies published between 2001 and 2024 in English and Spanish were identified on the PubMed, Web of Science, Sociological abstracts, and PsycInfo databases. Thirty-two (32) peer-reviewed sources were selected. Discussion: The higher prevalence of endometriosis among TGD people compared to the cisgender population reflects a complex phenomenon whereby individual biomedical characteristics, and psychological and environmental factors interplay on multiple levels throughout one's lifespan. The prevalence gap is striking in a context where TGD people experience great barriers and delays to access healthcare, and endometriosis is typically understood as a "women's disease." TGD people express lifestyle and environmental factors correlated with endometriosis more often than cisgender women, such as history of trauma, low self-image, obesity. Endometriosis interacts with one's quality of life, and especially with gendered expectations related to menstruations, family planning and sexuality. This interference can result in biographical disruption and gender self-perception changes in both cisgender and TGD people. Exogenous testosterone use as gender-affirming therapy results in amenorrhea in 80% of cases. However, endometrium and follicular activities are still reported upon testosterone use suggesting endometriosis may be active. It is hypothesised that testosterone use could lead to a hyper-estrogenic state that would stimulate endometriosis proliferation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.