ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2024
Glyphosate exposure exacerbates neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology despite a 6-month recovery period in mice.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The microbiota at the interface of environmental toxicants and the brain.Cell metabolism · 2026Review
- Elevated DYRK1A in Primary Tauopathies and Therapeutic Targeting with the Brain-Penetrant Inhibitor DYR533.Research square · 2026Article
- Curcumin Attenuates Glyphosate-Induced Mammary Toxicity via Suppression of ER Stress and the TNFα/MAPK/STAT3 Axis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrative Exploration ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Exposome influences: a multi-omics perspective on the combined toxic effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Advances in the Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Quality Control of Cereal Foods.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Soil to Synapse: Molecular Insights into the Neurotoxicity of Common Gardening Chemicals in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of Genetic, Environmental, and Dietary Factors in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Toxicity of glyphosate accelerates neurodegeneration inFrontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Laying the groundwork: Exploring pesticide exposure and genetic factors in south-eastern Brazilian farmers.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Herbicide Mixture-Driven Neurotoxicity in the Maternal Brain: Combined Exposure Produces Greater-Than-Individual Effects at Regulatory Relevant Doses.Current health sciences journalArticle
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlyphosate use in the United States (US) has increased each year since the introduction of glyphosate-tolerant crops in 1996, yet little is known about its effects on the brain. We recently found that C57BL/6J mice dosed with glyphosate for 14 days showed glyphosate and its major metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid present in brain tissue, with corresponding increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) in the brain and peripheral blood plasma. Since TNF-⍺ is elevated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), in this study, we asked whether glyphosate exposure serves as an accelerant of AD pathogenesis. Additionally, whether glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid remain in the brain after a recovery period has yet to be examined.
methodsWe hypothesized that glyphosate exposure would induce neuroinflammation in control mice, while exacerbating neuroinflammation in AD mice, causing elevated Amyloid-β and tau pathology and worsening spatial cognition after recovery. We dosed 4.5-month-old 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic (NonTg) control mice with either 0, 50 or 500 mg/kg of glyphosate daily for 13 weeks followed by a 6-month recovery period.
resultsWe found that aminomethylphosphonic acid was detectable in the brains of 3xTg-AD and NonTg glyphosate-dosed mice despite the 6-month recovery. Glyphosate-dosed 3xTg-AD mice showed reduced survival, increased thigmotaxia in the Morris water maze, significant increases in the beta secretase enzyme (BACE-1) of amyloidogenic processing, amyloid-β (Aβ) 42 insoluble fractions, Aβ 42 plaque load and plaque size, and phosphorylated tau (pTau) at epitopes Threonine 181, Serine 396, and AT8 (Serine 202, Threonine 205). Notably, we found increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines persisting in both 3xTg-AD and NonTg brain tissue and in 3xTg-AD peripheral blood plasma.
conclusionTaken together, our results are the first to demonstrate that despite an extended recovery period, exposure to glyphosate elicits long-lasting pathological consequences. As glyphosate use continues to rise, more research is needed to elucidate the impact of this herbicide and its metabolites on the human brain, and their potential to contribute to dysfunctions observed in neurodegenerative diseases.
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