ArticleHead & face medicine2024
Gender-specific inflammatory burden and headache risk in youth: a NHANES analysis.
Article in Head & face medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitamin D concentrations and headache risk in children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years: The mediating role of body mass index.Medicine · 2026Article
- Oral and cardiometabolic health through the lens of biobanks and large-scale epidemiologic research.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Association and Predictive Ability between Inflammatory Burden Index and Fever Following Endobronchial Forceps Biopsy in Lung Cancer Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeadaches are a common and often debilitating condition among youth. The Inflammatory Burden Index (IBI), a simple surrogate marker of systemic inflammation, has been linked to various diseases. However, evidence for its relationship with headaches, particularly in youth, is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association between IBI and persistent headache in youth, with a focus on evaluating gender-specific responses to IBI exposure.
methodsWe analyzed data from 2,210 young people in the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The association between IBI and frequent or severe headaches in the past year was investigated using weighted logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated, and threshold effect analyses were performed.
resultsYouths in the highest IBI quartile (Q4) had a 46% higher risk of severe headaches compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.91, P = 0.0051). Gender-stratified analysis revealed a significant association between high IBI and headache risk in females (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.11, P = 0.0324), but not in males. Threshold effect analysis identified an IBI breakpoint of 3.78, below which the headache risk increased significantly in females under 18 years (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25, P = 0.0385).
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate a significant association between elevated IBI and increased headache risk in youth, particularly in females. This gender-specific effect suggests that inflammatory processes may play a more prominent role in headache pathophysiology among female youth. These results underscore the importance of considering inflammatory markers in the early identification and prevention of youth headaches, especially in females.
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