ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Prevalence of hybrid TLR4
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Macrophage programming in systemic sclerosis: Niches, networks, and translational horizons.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Macrophage Plasticity: Phenotypic and Functional Profiles Across Pathological Microenvironments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The role of immune cell crosstalk and signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenic Mechanisms in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Incessant Loop of Immunity to Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Variable steady inflammation and inflammatory responses in precision-cut lung slices from various IPF lung Regions.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Dynamic macrophage phenotypes in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Biology and Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Identification of routine blood derived hematological and lipid indices in ILD through machine learning; a retrospective case-control study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by microvascular damage, immune system reactivity and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Interstitial lung disease is the leading cause of death for SSc patients (SSc-ILD), and the process of lung fibrosis involves also circulating monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Methods: Current study aimed to identify monocyte/macrophage phenotypes in lung and peripheral blood of SSc-ILD patients by immunostaining and flow cytometry, respectively. Single immunostaining was performed using primary antibodies against CD68 (pan-macrophage marker), CD80, CD86, TLR4 (M1 markers), CD163, CD204, and CD206 (M2 markers). Flow cytometry analysis included the evaluation of CD45, CD14, CD16 (monocyte lineage), CD1c (dendritic lineage), together with M1 and M2 activation markers on circulating monocytes. Protein synthesis of TLR4 and M2 markers was also investigated in cultured monocytes-derived macrophages (MDMs) from SSc-ILD patients by Western Blotting. Results: Lung samples were obtained from 9 SSc-ILD patients (50 ± 9 years old) and 5 control non-SSc patients without lung fibrosis (58 ± 23 years old). Alveolar macrophages (CD68 Conclusions: The presence of hybrid TLR4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.