Unraveling the interplay between phylogeny and chemical niches in epiphytic macrolichens.

This study aims to elucidate the connection between the phylogeny of epiphytic macrolichens and their chemical niches. We analyzed published floristic and environmental data from 90 canopies of Picea glauca x engelmannii across various forest settings in British Columbia. To explore the concordance between a principal coordinates analysis of the cladistic distance matrix and a global non-metric multidimensional scaling of the ecological distance matrix, we used Procrustean randomization tests. The findings uncover a robust association between large-scale macrolichen phylogeny and canopy throughfall chemistry. The high calcium-scores of the studied species effectively distinguished members of the Peltigerales from those of the Lecanorales, although parameters linked with Ca such as Mn, Mg, K, bark-, and soil-pH, may contribute to the niche partitioning along the oligotrophic-mesotrophic gradient. The substantial large-scale phylogenetic variation in the macrolichens' Ca-scores is consistent with an ancient adaptation to specialized chemical environments. Conversely, the minor variation in Ca-scores within families and genera likely stems from more recent adaptation. This study highlights crucial functional and chemical differences between members of the Lecanorales and Peltigerales. The deep phylogenetic connection to the chemical environment underscores the value of lichens as transferable bioindicators for the chemical environment and emphasizes the importance of elucidating the intricate interplay between chemical factors and lichen evolution.