ArticleThorax2024
Comparative estimate of glucose-lowering therapies on risk of incident pneumonia and severe sepsis: an analysis of real-world cohort data.
Article in Thorax, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World vs. Randomized Trial Evidence for Incretin-Based Therapies: A Narrative Review.Journal of diabetes · 2026Review
- Pulmonary adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of respiratory safety signals.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- National trends and comparative outcomes of insulin versus non-insulin therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy: a retrospective cohort study using the national inpatient sample.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with cancer are associated with reduced all-cause mortality and hospitalization.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy and Risk of Pulmonary and Systemic Infections in Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Context-specific regulatory genetic variation in MTOR dampens neutrophil-T cell crosstalk in pneumonia-associated sepsis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and sepsis: a story with two tails or with one tail?Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Global Obesity Epidemic: Epidemiology, Health Burden and Policy Priorities.European cardiology · 2026Review
- Effect of Anti-Diabetic Medication Use on Sepsis Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multivariate Analysis.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Harnessing adiponectin for sepsis: current knowledge, clinical insights and future therapies.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Integrated Omics Insights into Dapagliflozin Effects in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- SGLT2i use is associated with reduced risks of cardiopulmonary inflammatory complications in cancer patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- The role of GLP-1 in the pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of Diabetes on Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis in Sepsis: A Retrospective Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Beyond glucose-lowering and cardiorenal protection, these drugs may protect against pneumonia and sepsis.
aimsThis study assesses the impact of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RAs on the risk of incident pneumonia and severe sepsis.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using anonymised electronic medical records from TriNetX, a global federated database. Two intention-to-treat analyses were performed, each with two cohorts of adult T2D patients. The first analysis compared individuals prescribed SGLT2i, and the second individuals prescribed GLP-1 RAs, with those prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i). An active comparator new user design was used, with outcomes defined as time-to-incident pneumonia and severe sepsis. Propensity score matching (1:1) was applied to control for potential confounders, and patients were followed for 12 months. Secondary analyses compared SGLT2i and GLP-1 RAs against other glucose-lowering therapies.
resultsAfter propensity score matching, 352 687 patients were included in the SGLT2i versus DPP-4i comparison. SGLT2i treatment was associated with a risk reduction in incident pneumonia (HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.73, 0.78)) and severe sepsis (0.75 (0.73, 0.77)). In the GLP-1 RA versus DPP-4i comparison, 331 863 patients were included. GLP-1 RA treatment was associated with a risk reduction in incident pneumonia (0.60 (0.58, 0.62)) and severe sepsis (0.61 (0.59, 0.63)).
conclusionSGLT2i and GLP-1 RAs are associated with a reduced risk of incident pneumonia and severe sepsis in patients with T2D. Further research and focused randomised controlled trials are warranted to explore the broader clinical implications of these treatments.
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