Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39648519›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2025

Interleaved flow-sensitive dephasing (iFSD): Toward enhanced blood flow suppression and preserved T

Qingle Kong, Jiayu Xiao, Mark S Shiroishi, Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei, Steven Y Cen, Kasra Khatibi, William J Mack, Jason C Ye, Paul E Kim, Xiaoming Bi and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Qingle KongDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7111-9066
Jiayu XiaoDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Mark S ShiroishiDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nasim Sheikh-BahaeiDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Steven Y CenDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Kasra KhatibiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
William J MackDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jason C YeDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Paul E KimDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Xiaoming BiSiemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA.
David SalonerDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Qi YangDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Eric ChangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Zhaoyang FanDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-0260

Funding

USCADRC Diversity Supplement PachicanoP30AG066530 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI HELENA Chang CHUI · 2020 to 2026
$27.8M
Multi-Center Implementation and Validation of Efficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analysis of Atherosclerotic Disease of the Cervical CarotidR01HL159200 · NHLBI · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI ALTBACH, MARIA I., DESHPANDE, VIBHAS · 2021 to 2025
$6.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL159200NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066530
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop and validate a 3D turbo spin-echo (TSE)-compatible approach to enhancing black-blood (BB) effects while preserving T

methodsFollowing the excitation RF pulse, a 180° RF pulse sandwiched by a pair of flow-sensitive dephasing (FSD) gradient pulses in the phase- (y) and partition-encoding (z) directions, respectively, is added. The polarity of FSD gradients in z direction is toggled every TR, achieving an interleaved FSD (iFSD) configuration in y-z plane. The technique was optimized and evaluated in 18 healthy volunteers and 32 patients with neurovascular disease or brain metastases. Comparisons were made among TSE with and without one of BB preparations: iFSD, delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation, and motion-sensitized driven equilibrium.

resultsiFSD-TSE achieved the best blood flow suppression indicated by venous sinus SNR and parenchyma-to-sinus contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). iFSD-TSE yielded slightly lower white matter SNR (106.6 ± 32.9) and white-to-gray matter CNR (27.3 ± 8.1) compared to TSE (111.4 ± 31.5 and 28.6 ± 8.8), which were significantly higher than those of delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation-prepared TSE (84.3 ± 25.0 and 16.8 ± 4.8) and motion-sensitized driven equilibrium-prepared TSE (77.3 ± 26.6 and 15.9 ± 5.3). At the neurovascular wall lesions, iFSD-TSE yielded the highest wall-to-lumen CNR among the three sequences with a BB preparation, all of which significantly outperformed TSE. iFSD-TSE effectively suppressed slow-flow artifacts that otherwise mimicked an atherosclerotic lesion or strongly contrast-enhancing vessel wall. In diagnosing brain metastases, iFSD allowed for highest inter-reader agreement (κ 0.75) and shortest reading time.

conclusioniFSD is a promising approach compatible with 3D TSE for robust blood flow suppression and preserved T

Indexed as

BrainCerebrovascular CirculationImaging, Three-DimensionalMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimagingAdultAgedAlgorithmsBrain NeoplasmsFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSignal-To-Noise Ratio3D TSEblack‐blood MRIblood suppressionbrain metastasis detectioninterleaved flow‐sensitive dephasingT1‐weightedvessel wall imaging

Identifiers

PMID39648519
PMCPMC11893033

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.