ArticleCureus2024
Assessment of Thyroid Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between hypothyroidism, levothyroxine replacement and kidney function outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Time to euthyroidism and its predictors among thyrotoxicosis patients on antithyroid drugs at tertiary hospitals, Western Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.Thyroid research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to perform synthetic, excretory, and metabolic functions. CKD is associated with various pathophysiological conditions that impact multiple organs, including the thyroid gland, which primarily secretes triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This study aims to assess thyroid function in patients with CKD and explore the relationship between renal disease severity and thyroid function. Methods This retrospective study included 200 patients with CKD who were admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City Hospital, a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2016 and 2023. Patients were selected based on their age and health status. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect key demographic, renal, and thyroid function test data, which were then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Out of the 200 CKD patients analyzed in this study, 120 (60%) were male and 80 (40%) were female. The results showed that 73.4% (n = 149) had normal thyroid function (euthyroidism). Thirty-nine patients (20.5%) had hypothyroidism, while only two patients (1.1%) had hyperthyroidism. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), FT3, and FT4 levels were measured across various stages of CKD. Hypothyroidism was most prevalent in stages 5 (30.8%) and 4 (23.1%) based on FT3 levels. It was highest in CKD stage 5 (38.5%) and stage 3 (30.8%) based on T4 levels. Hyperthyroidism was observed in CKD stages 3 (50.0%) and 5 (50.0%) based on TSH levels. Conclusions Patients with CKD exhibit fluctuations in T3 and TSH levels, with thyroid dysfunction increasing in parallel with the severity of renal disease.
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