ArticleTremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)2024
Decoding Dystonia in Autoimmune Disorders: A Scoping Review.
Article in Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lingual Dyskinesia as the Presenting Feature of Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Differential Diagnoses.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Article
- Clinical spectrum and long-term outcomes of antibody-negative severe autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Deep brain stimulation in children with acquired dystonia.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Dystonia is a common hyperkinetic movement disorder observed in various genetic, infective, drug-induced, and autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune disorders can present with isolated or combined acute or subacute dystonia. The pattern and approach to dystonia in autoimmune disorders are poorly described and have never been established in a structured manner. Objective: This scoping review aims to summarize all available clinical literature and formulate a pattern and approach to dystonia in different autoimmune disorders. Methods: We included one hundred and three articles in this scoping review. Most articles identified were case reports or case series. Results: In this review, we analysed data from 103 articles and summarized the epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic features of dystonia associated with different autoimmune diseases. We highlight that dystonia can be isolated or combined in various autoimmune conditions and is responsive to immunotherapy. We point out the patterns of dystonia and associated neurological features and investigations that can suggest the underlying autoimmune nature, which can guide the most appropriate treatment. Discussion: The clinical pattern of dystonia can be a unique feature in many autoimmune disorders. In isolated subacute dystonia, the presence of autoantibodies could have a temporal association, or this is just an epiphenomenon to be evaluated in further research. Highlights: Many autoimmune disorders can present with isolated or combined dystonia.Subacute onset focal or segmental dystonia (craniocervical dystonia or limb dystonia) or hemidystonia could be secondary to an autoimmune condition and warrants investigations.They have a relapsing or progressive course.They usually have a good response to early immunotherapy.Symptomatic treatment, including botulinum toxin, can be useful in focal dystonia.
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