ArticleJournal of occupational and environmental hygiene2025
Application of the Tier 3 NIOSH occupational exposure banding process for the graphene family of nanomaterials: A case study.
Article in Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evaluating occupational exposures to the graphene family of nanomaterials: Implications for worker safety and health.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Graphene is a class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials composed of single or multiple layers of carbon atoms. To date, there are limited clinical data and no epidemiological research available to assess graphene toxicity in humans. Despite the growing amount of animal toxicity data, there are currently no occupational exposure limits (OELs) for any type of graphene nanomaterial published by international authoritative organizations to ensure their safe handling within workplaces. In the absence of consensus OELs for graphene, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) occupational exposure banding process was used to assign an occupational exposure band (OEB). The NIOSH banding process is organized into a three-tiered system and is a resource for occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals to guide risk management and exposure control decisions when OELs are not available. To the authors' knowledge, there are no Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) H-codes/statements available for graphene to conduct a Tier 1 analysis. Even though data were available from authoritative sources for three of nine health endpoints, the data were insufficient to support banding in a Tier 2 assessment. Therefore, a Tier 3 assessment using the NIOSH banding process was applied to the graphene family of nanomaterials (GFN) as a case study based on the specific physicochemical and toxicological properties with uncertainty factor adjustments. The band assignment was replicated by three individuals with advanced toxicology and industrial hygiene knowledge to ensure a consistent outcome. The results found that three of the six endpoints banded were "E," representing an air concentration ≤0.01 mg/m
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Registered trials
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