ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
A Research Roadmap to Address the Heterogeneity of Diabetes and Advance Precision Medicine.
Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prediabetes Subgroups, Type 2 Diabetes Risk, and Differential Effects of Preventive Interventions.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Patient-Level Multidimensional Response Phenotypes in Obesity-Associated Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Month Real-World Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Redefining β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Comprehensive Assessment to Precision Medicine.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Review
- Type 5 diabetes mellitus: nutritional-imprinted β-cell insufficiency, diagnostic gaps, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Type 5 diabetes: a 70-year perspective and its implications for the Americas.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Nutrigenomics meets multi-omics: integrating genetic, metabolic, and microbiome data for personalized nutrition strategies.Genes & nutrition · 2025Review
- Diabetic retinal disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- NIDDK: Celebrating 75 Years of Advancing Diabetes Research.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- NIDDK: Celebrating 75 Years of Advancing Diabetes Research.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Multidimensional dietary assessment and interpretable machine learning models predict the risk of prediabetes/diabetes and osteoporosis comorbidity in older adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- New-onset diabetes as an emerging risk group for early detection of pancreatic cancer: current evidence, clinical challenge, and future directions.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Insights on accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviour across type 2 diabetes sub-phenotypes in the Asian population.Diabetes & vascular disease researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current classification of diabetes had its genesis over 85 years ago, when individuals with diabetes were first subclassified into insulin sensitive and insulin insensitive states based on the response to an oral glucose tolerance test. About 35 years later, the contemporary classifications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were coined. Today's evidence, however, suggests that multiple etiologic and pathogenic processes lead to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, reflecting significant heterogeneity in factors associated with initiation, progression, and clinical presentation of each disorder of glucose homeostasis. Further, the current classification fails to recognize what is currently defined as "atypical" diabetes. Heterogeneity of diabetes continues through the life-course of an individual, with modification of prognosis risk (eg, diabetic complications) altered by genetics, life experience, comorbidities, and therapy. Understanding the sources of heterogeneity in diabetes will likely improve diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prediction of complications in both the medical and public health settings. Such knowledge will help inform progress in the emerging era of precision diabetes medicine. This article presents NIDDK's Heterogeneity of Diabetes Initiative and a corresponding roadmap for future research in type 2 diabetes heterogeneity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.