Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39661241›Full record

ArticlePain and therapy2025

The Global Burden of Migraine: A 30-Year Trend Review and Future Projections by Age, Sex, Country, and Region.

Lingkang Dong, Wenqi Dong, Yuchen Jin, Yumeng Jiang, Zhuangzhuang Li, Dongzhen Yu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pain and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lingkang DongDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wenqi DongDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yuchen Jin *Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yumeng JiangDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. jianglem@126.com.
Zhuangzhuang LiDepartment of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. drzhuangzhuang@163.com.
Dongzhen YuDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 7250012023@shsmu.edu.cn.

Funding

The National Key Research and Development of China 2023YFC2508003The National Key Research and Development of China Nos. 2023YFC2508000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMigraine is a prevalent neurological disorder causing significant disability worldwide. Despite extensive research on specific populations, comprehensive analyses of global trends are remains limited.

methodsWe extracted incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data for migraine from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Trends were analyzed across regions, age groups, sexes, and sociodemographic index (SDI) using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). Predictive models (ARIMA) were used to forecast trends to 2050.

resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of migraine significantly increased: prevalence increased by 58.15%, from 732.56 million to 1.16 billion cases, and incidence increased by 42.06%. The DALYs also increased by 58.27%. There were differences between the sexes: female individuals had higher absolute rates of migraine incidence and prevalence, but male individuals exhibited a four- to five-fold more rapid increase than female individuals in these parameters. Adolescents (< 20 years old) have the fastest growth in prevalence and DALYs. Regionally, high SDI regions having the highest age-standardized rate (ASR) and low SDI regions having the lowest ASR in DALYs. East Asia and Latin America exhibited the most significant increases in migraine burden, whereas Southeast Asia exhibited the most pronounced decrease. Predictive analysis suggests prevalence will continue to rise until 2050, particularly among male individuals and adolescents.

conclusionsThe global burden of migraine has significantly escalated from 1990 to 2021, with female individuals bearing a greater burden but male individuals showing a faster growth rate. Adolescents also face a rapidly rising prevalence. Disparities across SDI regions, countries, age groups, and sexes emphasize the need for targeted public health strategies. Focused interventions are required to mitigate the growing impact of migraines on global health, particularly among male individuals and adolescents.

Indexed as

DALYsGBD 2021Global trendsMigrainePredictive analysis

Identifiers

PMID39661241
PMCPMC11751287

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.