Evidence mapPaperPMID 39662155Full record

ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2025

Impact of diabetes on the progression of Alzheimer's disease via trajectories of amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) biomarkers.

Eun Woo Kim, Keun You Kim, Eosu Kim, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. How does type 2 diabetes modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
  2. Observational
  3. Association of type 2 diabetes treatment status with in vivo biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Eun Woo KimGraduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Nursing, Seoyeong University, Gwangju 61268, Republic of Korea.
Keun You KimDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Alzheimer's Molecular Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: rlarmsdb@gmail.com.
Eosu KimGraduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Alzheimer's Molecular Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Metabolism-Dementia Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: eosu.kim@yonsei.ac.kr.
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeU01AG024904 · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · 2004 to 2005
$21.3M
NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins, such as β-amyloid and tau, in the brain, which precedes cognitive impairment. Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for AD, few studies have investigated how the presence of DM affects the sequential pathogenesis of AD, specifically within the amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) and cognition framework.

objectivesThis study aims to investigate the trajectories of ATN biomarkers in relation to the presence of DM in the preclinical and prodromal stages of AD.

designParticipants with normal cognition (CN) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline were included. Subjects were followed for 12-192 months, with neuroimaging and cognitive assessments conducted at every 12 or 24 months.

settingThis study utilized data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.

participantsA total of 603 participants aged 55-90 years were included, comprising 284 CN (25 with DM, 259 without DM) and 319 MCI (39 with DM, 280 without DM) individuals. MEASUREMENTS: ATN biomarkers were identified using florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET), flortaucipir PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. Cognition was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Moderation analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of DM on the association between ATN biomarkers of AD.

resultsElevated amyloid standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were associated with increased tau levels in the hippocampus, and this association was significantly enhanced by the presence of DM in MCI participants (p = 0.021). DM also strengthened the association between increased tau SUVR levels and neurodegeneration (indicated by decreased entorhinal cortical volumes; p = 0.005) in those with MCI. Furthermore, DM enhanced the association of decreased entorhinal (p = 0.012) and middle temporal cortex (p = 0.031) volumes with increased (worsened) CDR-SB scores in MCI participants. However, DM did not predict significant longitudinal changes in ATN pathology or cognitive decline in CN participants.

conclusionsOur study suggests that DM may increase the risk of AD by accelerating each step of the A-T-N cascade in the prodromal stage of AD, underscoring the importance of DM management in preventing the MCI conversion to AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesDiabetes Mellitustau ProteinsAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersBrainCognitive DysfunctionDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuroimagingAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkerstau ProteinsAlzheimer’s diseaseATN frameworkDiabetes mellitusMild cognitive impairment

Identifiers

PMID39662155
PMCPMC12180022

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.