Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39663338›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025

Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Food is Medicine for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes in China.

Yuze Xin, Hongru Sun, Shuangjie Peng, Xuejun Yin, Anqi Ge, Xinyan Liu, Tengyi Wang, Jingxue Sun, Yanmeizhi Wu, Kristy Law and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yuze XinSchool of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Hongru SunSchool of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Shuangjie PengSchool of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Xuejun YinSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Anqi GeSchool of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Xinyan LiuSchool of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Tengyi WangSchool of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Jingxue SunDepartment of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Yanmeizhi WuDepartment of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Kristy LawThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Kathy TrieuThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Jason H Y WuThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Hong QiaoDepartment of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. qiaoh0823@sina.com.
Maoyi TianSchool of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. maoyi.tian@hrbmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-5660-8571

Funding

Harbin Medical University Leading Disciplinary Talent Program 31021220002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background'Food is Medicine', a rapidly growing innovative intervention, has been shown to improve the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, due to the unique characteristics of Chinese dietary culture, it remains unclear whether such intervention measures can be implemented in China.

objectiveTo identify the potential barriers and facilitators to implementing 'Food is Medicine' intervention for the management of people living with T2DM in three Chinese provinces.

designFace-to-face semi-structured individual in-depth interview and focus group discussions in Heilongjiang, Hubei and Ningxia provinces in China. PARTICIPANT: People living with T2DM. APPROACH: Both inductive and deductive methods were used to analyse the interview data, guided by the COM-B framework. KEY

resultsA total of 97 individuals participated in the study. Participants were concerned about the prices of buying prescribed meals, if not fully subsidised by healthcare system. Other barriers included the potential challenge to adhering to prescribed meals for long periods if the variety was limited, the difficulties in delivering fresh food or meals to remote areas and the lack of knowledge of healthy diets among the people living with T2DM and their relatives. In contrast, clinicians' confidence in the effectiveness of food and meal prescription, the opportunities to collaborate with community canteens on producing prescribed foods, and the convenience of preparing food for people with T2DM were identified as the main enablers.

conclusionsThere are presently several potential barriers to future implementing 'Food is Medicine' to manage people living with T2DM. But there are also clear opportunities to develop a context-tailored 'Food is Medicine' intervention in China.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, HealthyDisease ManagementAdultAgedChinaFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleMiddle Agedfocus group discussionsFood is Medicineindividual in-depth interviewqualitative researchtype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39663338
PMCPMC12119429

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.