Evidence mapPaperPMID 39663701Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2025

Debulking influenza and herpes simplex virus strains by a wide-spectrum anti-viral protein formulated in clinical grade chewing gum.

Henry Daniell, Yuwei Guo, Rahul Singh, Uddhab Karki, Rachel J Kulchar, Geetanjali Wakade, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Hamid Khazaei, Gary H Cohen

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Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Henry DaniellDepartment of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: hdaniell@upenn.edu.
Yuwei GuoDepartment of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Rahul SinghDepartment of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Uddhab KarkiDepartment of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Rachel J KulcharDepartment of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Geetanjali WakadeDepartment of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Juha-Matti PihlavaNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.
Hamid KhazaeiNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Gary H CohenDepartment of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL107904
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lack of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) vaccine, low vaccination rates of Influenza viruses, waning immunity and viral transmission after vaccination underscore the need to reduce viral loads at their transmission sites. Oral virus transmission is several orders of magnitude higher than nasal transmission. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated neutralization of viruses using a natural viral trap protein (FRIL) formulated in clinical-grade chewing gum. FRIL is highly stable in the lablab bean powder (683 days) and in chewing gum (790 days), and fully functional (794 days) when stored at ambient temperature. They passed the bioburden test with no aerobic bacteria, yeasts/molds, with minimal moisture content (1.28-5.9%). Bean gum extracts trapped HSV-1/HSV-2 75-94% in a dose-dependent manner through virus self-aggregation. Mastication simulator released >50% release of FRIL within 15 min of chewing the bean gum. In plaque reduction assays, >95% neutralization of H1N1 and H3N2 required ∼40 mg/mL, HSV-1 160 mg/mL, and HSV-2 74 mg/mL of bean gum for 1,000 copies/mL virus particles. Therefore, a 2000 mg bean gum tablet has more than adequate potency for clinical evaluation and is safe with no detectable levels of glycosides. These observations augur well for evaluating bean gum in human clinical studies to minimize virus infection/transmission.

Indexed as

Chewing GumAnimalsAntiviral AgentsDogsHerpes SimplexHerpesvirus 1, HumanHerpesvirus 2, HumanHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanSimplexvirusAntiviral AgentsChewing Gumantimicrobial proteinchewing gumherpes simplex virusinfluenza viruslectintopical drug delivery

Identifiers

PMID39663701
PMCPMC11764783

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.