ArticleFrontiers in public health2024
Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities increase the risk of type 2 diabetes: an analysis of NHS health check attendees in Birmingham.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of virtual appointments on referral-to-appointment times for type 2 diabetes patients in Northwest London.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Associations of Socioeconomic Status With Cardiorenal Metabolic Multimorbidity: Evidence From the UK Biobank Cohort.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Prevalence of type 2 diabetes from 2011 to 2023 by regional socioeconomic deprivation in Germany: an ecological study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting diabetic foot ulcer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Birmingham has a significantly higher type-II diabetes prevalence than the national average. This study aimed to investigate the association of socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity on the risk of diabetes in Birmingham. Methods: Data were included from 108,514 NHS Health Checks conducted in Birmingham between 2018 and 2023. Attributable fraction and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate the number of events avoidable and the prevalence odds ratios (POR) of determinants respectively. Results: Attributable fraction analysis estimated that 64% of diabetes and 44% of pre-diabetes cases could be attributed to socioeconomic deprivation. Specifically, if Asian attendees in the least deprived areas had the same risk as White individuals in the least deprived areas, there would have been 1,056 fewer cases of diabetes and 2,226 fewer cases of pre-diabetes. Diabetes was significantly associated with Asian ethnicity (POR = 5.43, Discussion: The present findings demonstrate the association of ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation on the risk of diabetes and pre-diabetes. It underscores the necessity for targeted interventions and policies to address these inequalities.
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