Trial reportBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2025
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Theta Burst Stimulation for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Three-Month Feasibility and Brain Target Engagement Study.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Behavioral and Functional Neuroimaging Effects of Delivering a Course of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Personalized Targets Within the Ventrolateral Or Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Treatment-Seeking Participants with Cannabis Use Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Non-invasive neurostimulation techniques for the treatment of stimulant use disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cocaine use disorder and the risk of seizure: a review of the evidence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Article
- Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Drug Cue Reactivity With a Potential for Improving Outpatient Treatment Outcomes in Cocaine Use Disorder.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCue-induced craving precipitates relapse in drug and alcohol use disorders. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) to the left frontal pole of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has previously been shown to reduce drinking and brain reactivity to alcohol cues. In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled target engagement study, we aimed to assess whether TBS has similar effects in individuals with cocaine use disorder.
methodsThirty-three participants in intensive outpatient treatment received either real or sham TBS over 10 sessions across 3 weeks (36,000 pulses total; continuous TBS, 110% resting motor threshold, 3600 pulses/session). TBS was administered on days of behavioral counseling. Twenty-five individuals completed all 10 TBS sessions. Brain reactivity to cocaine cues was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months.
resultsCocaine abstinence during the 3-month follow-up period was greater in the real TBS group (1-month: 92.0%, 2-month: 100.0%, 3-month: 85.0%) than sham (1-month: 66.6%, 2-month: 66.6%, 3-month: 66.6%), although the difference was not statistically significant (1-month odds ratio [OR] = 6.00, p = .14; 2-month OR = 14.30, p = .09; and 3-month OR = 2.75, p = .30). However, there was a significant effect on cocaine cue reactivity (treatment effect: F
conclusionsThis early-stage trial demonstrates that TBS to the MPFC reduces brain reactivity to cocaine cues in key nodes of the salience network in treatment-seeking cocaine users. Future, well-powered trials are warranted to evaluate clinical efficacy outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.