Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39667634›Full record

ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2025

Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in antiretroviral-naïve people with HIV in rural Uganda.

Julia Denniss, Rebecca T Veenhuis, Yanxun Xu, Lang Lang, Deanna Saylor, Sarah M Lofgren, David R Boulware, Noeline Nakasujja, Aggrey Anok, Steven J Reynolds and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Julia DennissDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Rebecca T VeenhuisDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Yanxun XuDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Lang LangDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Deanna SaylorDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Sarah M LofgrenDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
David R BoulwareDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Noeline NakasujjaDepartment of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Aggrey AnokRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Steven J ReynoldsDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Thomas C QuinnDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Gertrude NakigoziRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Leah H RubinDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: lrubin1@jhmi.edu.

Funding

JHU Center for the Advancement of HIV Neurotherapeutics (JHU CAHN)- Therapeutic CoreP30MH075673 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$1.5M
Mental Health and Cognition in HIV Infection in Rakai UgandaR01MH120693 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Robert Harris Paul, Leah Helane Rubin · 2023 to 2023
$579k
Research Education Program for Residents and Fellows in NeurologyUE5NS065729 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$319k
NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH121220NIMH NIH HHS L30 MH137931NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH075673NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH099733NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120693NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH128839NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH080661NINDS NIH HHS L30 NS088658NINDS NIH HHS R25 NS065729NINDS NIH HHS UE5 NS065729
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, people with HIV (PWH) experience a broad spectrum of cognitive impairment that can be noted both before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Sex differences in immune function have been implicated in differential cognitive outcomes. Here, we report sex differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers in relation to cognitive performance in a subset of ART-naïve PWH participating in the Rakai Neurology Cohort Study. Participants (55 % male, 45 % female, overall mean age 36.5 years, SD = 8.7) underwent a lumbar puncture and a cognitive battery prior to ART initiation. CSF was collected, and 14 inflammatory markers were analyzed. Individual cognitive test z-scores were generated based on local normative data. We used a series of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regressions to examine associations between CSF inflammatory markers and cognitive outcomes. CSF inflammatory levels did not differ significantly between sexes except for IL-8 being higher in men. In women with HIV, there were more significant associations between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance than men with HIV. Additionally, inflammatory markers were associated with a broader range of cognitive domains in women compared to men with HIV. Patterns of association differed by sex in this young, ART-naïve Ugandan cohort, and several associations in a particular sex persisted or shifted when compared to a post-ART timepoint. Further study into sex-specific patterns of inflammation is warranted to improve cognitive outcomes in PWH.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionHIV InfectionsAdultBiomarkersCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInflammationMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsRural PopulationSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsUgandaBiomarkersCognitionCytokinesHIVImmuneSex differences

Identifiers

PMID39667634
PMCPMC11962998

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.