Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39668418›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2025

Application of Adipose Extracellular Matrix and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.

Kest Verstappen, Lara Bieler, Nathalie Barroca, Ewald M Bronkhorst, Sébastien Couillard-Després, Sander C G Leeuwenburgh, Paula A A P Marques, Alexey Klymov, X Frank Walboomers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kest VerstappenDepartment of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5116-123X
Lara BielerInstitute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
Nathalie BarrocaCentre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
Ewald M BronkhorstDepartment of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands.
Sébastien Couillard-DesprésInstitute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
Sander C G LeeuwenburghDepartment of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1471-6133
Paula A A P MarquesCentre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
Alexey KlymovDepartment of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands.
X Frank WalboomersDepartment of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5742-9826

Funding

European Union's H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies 829060
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graphene-based materials (GBMs) hold strong promise to restore the spinal cord microenvironment and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Nanocomposites consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and adipose tissue-derived extracellular matrix (adECM) are known to promote neuronal growth in vitro and to evoke a biocompatible response in vivo when implanted on top of the intact spinal cord. In this study, pristine adECM and adECM-rGO nanocomposites are implanted directly after hemisection SCI in rats. Scaffolds composed of collagen type I (COL) are applied as negative control, based on evidence that COL triggers integrin-mediated astrogliosis. However, COL scaffolds induce orthotopic bone formation in the lesion site and are therefore excluded from further analyses. Compared to pristine adECM, adECM-rGO nanocomposites completely restore spinal cord integrity. Macrophage-mediated uptake and clearance of rGO remnants is observed as early as 3 weeks post-implantation. Nanocomposites show an elevated presence of βIII-tubulin-positive axons in the host-material interface after 8 weeks, yet scaffold penetration by axons is only occasionally observed. This is partially due to an increased expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) within the nanocomposites, even though reactive astrogliosis is unaltered. Despite the complete restoration of tissue architecture, adECM-rGO treatment does not significantly improve functional recovery.

Indexed as

Adipose TissueExtracellular MatrixGraphiteNanocompositesSpinal Cord InjuriesAnimalsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTissue Scaffoldsgraphene oxideGraphitebiomaterialsextracellular matrixgraphenenanocompositeregenerationspinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID39668418
PMCPMC11773115

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.