ArticlePhysiological reports2024
Health implications of racial differences in serum growth differentiation factor levels among men with obesity.
Article in Physiological reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03887936 (Testosterone Therapy and Bone Quality in Men With Diabetes and Hypogonadism), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Testosterone Therapy and Bone Quality in Men With Diabetes and Hypogonadism
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plasma GDF15 affects long-term dementia risk and alters neuroimmune signaling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Lifestyle Intervention Therapy Modulates Global DNA Methylation and Adipogenic Gene Expression in Severely Obese Hypogonadal Men.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Health implications of racial differences in serum growth differentiation factor levels among men with obesity.Physiological reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor (GDF15) has been considered a biomarker and recently a hormonal driver for diseases in different populations. However, the role of GDF15 as a biomarker of health outcomes in obese men from different racial/ethnic background has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to investigate the racial/ethnic differences on the relationship between GDF15 and markers of glucometabolic status, hormonal profile, body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in obese men. One hundred ninety-three obese men from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds were enrolled. BMD and body composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum GDF15, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, sclerostin, adiponectin, leptin, estradiol, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, lipid profile, and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) were measured. Non-African Americans (NAA) had significantly higher GDF15 level than African Americans (AA). Level was also higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In both the groups GDF15 correlated with A1C and lean mass. However. GDF15 correlated with body fat, LDL total cholesterol and femoral neck BMD only in NAA and with appendicular lean mass only in AA. Ethnicity, total cholesterol and T2DM were found to be independent predictors of GDF15. We conclude that GDF15 may influence glucometabolic status, body composition and bone parameters which may affect cardiovascular risk and osteoporosis between races.
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Registered trials
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