ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2024
Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality: an individual-level population-scale analysis using linked electronic health records, Wales, United Kingdom, 2016 to 2022.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and critical care utilization in South Korea.Acute and critical care · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
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8 authors.
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Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased mortality directly and indirectly associated with COVID-19.AimTo assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause and disease-specific mortality and explore potential health inequalities associated with area-level deprivation in Wales.MethodsTwo population-based cohort studies were derived from multi-sourced, linked demographic, administrative and electronic health record data from 2016 to 2019 (n = 3,113,319) and 2020 to 2022 (n = 3,571,471). Data were analysed using generalised linear models adjusting for age, sex, area-level deprivation and time at risk.ResultsCOVID-19 deaths peaked in January 2021 (54.9/100,000 person-months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 52.4-57.5). The pandemic indirectly affected deaths, with higher than expected maximum relative mortality rates (RR) related to cancer (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.13-1.36), infectious diseases (excluding respiratory infections) (RR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.27- 3.43), circulatory system (RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.28-1.56), trauma (RR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.57- 2.65), digestive system (RR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25-1.91), nervous system (RR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.34-2.00) and mental and behavioural disorders (RR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.58-2.16). Mortality associated with respiratory diseases (unrelated to COVID-19) were lower than expected (minimum RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.45-0.60). All-cause mortality was lower in least deprived communities compared with most deprived (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.60-0.62), and the magnitude of this effect increased during the pandemic.ConclusionsAll-cause and disease-specific mortality directly and indirectly associated with COVID-19 increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Socioeconomic disparities were exacerbated during this time.
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