Evidence mapPaperPMID 39669127Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2025

An active shrinkage and antioxidative hydrogel with biomimetic mechanics functions modulates inflammation and fibrosis to promote skin regeneration.

Tao Zhang, Xin-Cao Zhong, Zi-Xuan Feng, Xiao-Ying Lin, Chun-Ye Chen, Xiao-Wei Wang, Kai Guo, Yi Wang, Jun Chen, Yong-Zhong Du and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Nitrogen-Boosted HAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Bioresorbable Materials for Wound Management.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Tao ZhangDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Xin-Cao ZhongDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Zi-Xuan FengDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Xiao-Ying LinDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Chun-Ye ChenDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Xiao-Wei WangDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Kai GuoDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Yi WangDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Jun ChenDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Yong-Zhong DuDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Ze-Ming ZhuangDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Yong WangDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
Wei-Qiang TanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achieving scar-free skin regeneration in clinical settings presents significant challenges. Key issues such as the imbalance in macrophage phenotype transition, delayed re-epithelialization, and excessive proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts hinder wound healing and lead to fibrotic repair. To these, we developed an active shrinkage and antioxidative hydrogel with biomimetic mechanical functions (P&G@LMs) to reshape the healing microenvironment and effectively promote skin regeneration. The hydrogel's immediate hemostatic effect initiated sequential remodeling, the active shrinkage property sealed and contracted the wound at body temperature, and the antioxidative function eliminated ROS, promoting re-epithelialization. The spatiotemporal release of LMs (ACEI) during the inflammation phase regulated macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, promoting progression to the proliferation phase. However, the profibrotic niche of macrophages induced a highly contractile α-SMA positive state in myofibroblasts, whereas the sustained LMs release could regulate this niche to control fibrosis and promote the correct biomechanical orientation of collagen. Notably, the biomimetic mechanics of the hydrogel mimicked the contraction characteristics of myofibroblasts, and the skin-like elastic modulus could accommodate the skin dynamic changes and restore the mechanical integrity of wound defect, partially substituting myofibroblasts' mechanical role in tissue repair. This study presents an innovative strategy for skin regeneration.

Indexed as

ACEI microspheresActive shrinkage and antioxidative hydrogelAnti-inflammation and anti-fibrosisBiomimetic mechanicsSkin regeneration

Identifiers

PMID39669127
PMCPMC11635612

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.