ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2024
Microglia in morphine tolerance: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The actions of morphine on microglia and the underlying effects on associated adverse effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Microglial activation and RAS signaling: a dual-edged sword in neuroinflammation.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Peptide-Based Approaches for Pain Relief and Healing in Wounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Zonisamide attenuates morphine tolerance in association with reduced spinal TLR4/p38 MAPK signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- TRPV1 channel antagonist capsazepine alleviates morphine tolerance and morphine-induced neurotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis: an in vivo and in vitro study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Dual Role of the Spinal Endocannabinoid System in Response to Noxious Stimuli: Antinociceptive Pathways and Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- KOR agonists for the treatment and/or prevention of opioid use disorder and cocaine use disorder.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Review
- Hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal behaviors and alters microglial activity in male and female mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in morphine tolerance: targeting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Morphine has a crucial role in treating both moderate to severe pain and chronic pain. However, prolonged administration of morphine can lead to tolerance of analgesia, resulting in increased doses and poor treatment of pain. Many patients, such as those with terminal cancer, require high doses of morphine for long periods. Addressing morphine tolerance can help this group of patients to escape pain, and the mechanisms behind this need to be investigated. Microglia are the key cells involved in morphine tolerance and chronic morphine administration leads to microglia activation, which in turn leads to activation of internal microglia signalling pathways and protein transcription, ultimately leading to the release of inflammatory factors. Inhibiting the activation of microglia internal signalling pathways can reduce morphine tolerance. However, the exact mechanism of how morphine acts on microglia and ultimately leads to tolerance is unknown. This article discusses the mechanisms of morphine induced microglia activation, reviews the signalling pathways within microglia and the associated therapeutic targets and possible drugs, and provides possible directions for clinical prevention or retardation of morphine induced analgesic tolerance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.