Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39673003›Full record

ArticleAmino acids2024

Dipeptides in CSF and plasma: diagnostic and therapeutic potential in neurological diseases.

Katharina Küper, Gernot Poschet, Julia Rossmann, Sven F Garbade, Alexander Spiegelhalter, Dan Wen, Georg F Hoffmann, Claus P Schmitt, Thomas Opladen, Verena Peters

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Amino acids, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Modern Analytical Techniques in Epilepsy Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Katharina KüperDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Gernot PoschetCentre for Organismal Studies (COS), Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Julia RossmannDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Sven F GarbadeDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Alexander SpiegelhalterCentre for Organismal Studies (COS), Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Dan WenDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Georg F HoffmannDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Claus P SchmittDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Thomas OpladenDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Verena PetersDivision of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department I, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. verena.peters@med.uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4649-0848

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dipeptides (DPs), composed of two amino acids (AAs), hold significant therapeutic potential but remain underexplored. Given the crucial role of AAs in central nervous system (CNS) function, this study investigated the presence of DPs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their correlation with corresponding AAs, potentially indicating their role as AA donors. Plasma and CSF samples were collected from 43 children with neurological or metabolic conditions of unknown origin, including 23 with epilepsy. A panel of 33 DPs was quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. Out of 33 DPs, 18 were detectable in CSF and 20 in plasma, displaying high inter-individual variance. Gly-Asp, Gly-Pro, and Ala-Glu were consistently found in all CSF samples, while only Gly-Asp was universally detectable in plasma. Anserine and carnosine were prominent in CSF and plasma, respectively, with no other histidine-containing DPs observed. Generally, DP concentrations were higher in plasma than in CSF; however, anserine and Gly-Pro had similar concentrations in both fluids. Significant correlations were observed between specific DPs and their corresponding AAs in CSF (Gly-Glu, Gly-Pro and Ser-Gln) and plasma (Glu-Glu and Glu-Ser). Notably, patients with epilepsy had elevated medium anserine concentrations in CSF. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of numerous DPs in CSF and plasma. Further research is needed to determine if DP patterns can support the diagnosis of neurological diseases and whether DP administration can modulate amino acid availability in the brain, potentially offering new therapeutic options, such as for defects in the amino acid transporter.

Indexed as

DipeptidesNervous System DiseasesAdolescentAnserineChildChild, PreschoolEpilepsyFemaleHumansInfantMaleTandem Mass SpectrometryAnserineDipeptidesCSFDipeptideEpilepsy

Identifiers

PMID39673003
PMCPMC11645304

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.